A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script.

A

is used for in Dutch and various

Cantonese Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While th ...

romanisations. is used for ( in

Ulster Ulster (; or ; or ''Ulster'') is one of the four traditional or historic provinces of Ireland, Irish provinces. It is made up of nine Counties of Ireland, counties: six of these constitute Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kingdom); t ...

) in Irish. is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish, when stressed or for ( in Mayo and Ulster), when unstressed word-finally. is used for in Irish. is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish. is used for ( before a vowel) in French. is used for ( before a vowel) in French. It also represents in Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written . is used for in Irish, between broad consonants. is used for in RP, as in ''chair''. is used for in Irish. is used for in Irish, between a broad and a slender consonant. is used for ( before a vowel) in French. is used for in French. is used in a few words in French for . is used for the

strident vowel Strident vowels (also called sphincteric vowels) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by an (ary)epiglottal trill, with the larynx being raised and the pharynx constricted. Either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages thus vibr ...

in Taa (If IPA does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

B–C

is used for and in Irish. It is used for the

eclipsis Irish, like all modern Celtic languages, is characterised by its initial consonant mutations. These mutations affect the initial consonant of a word under specific morphological and syntactic conditions. The mutations are an important tool ...

of . is used for (a

voiceless velar fricative The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English, e.g. in ''lo ...

) in Breton. It should not be confused with ch, which represents (a

voiceless postalveolar fricative A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some Speech, spoken languages. The International Phonetic Association uses the term ''voiceless postalveolar fricative'' only for the sound #Voiceless palato-alveolar frica ...

). is used for before , , in Italian. is used for in Hungarian for germinated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence . is used for in Eskayan romanised orthography and in

Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic (, ; Endonym and exonym, endonym: ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic language, Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongs ...

. is used for in Quechua and romanizations of

Indic languages Indic languages may refer to: * Indo-Aryan languages, a subgroup of the Indo-European languages spoken mainly in the north of the Indian subcontinent (used in the context of Indo-European studies) * Languages of the Indian subcontinent, all the indi ...

is used in for in Corsican. is used for in southern dialects of Welsh

D

is used for the

prevoiced Prevoicing, in phonetics, is voicing before the onset of a consonant or beginning with the onset of the consonant but ending before its release. In the extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for speech pathology, prevoicing is transcri ...

aspirated affricate in Juǀʼhoan. is used for the dental affricate in

Chipewyan The Chipewyan ( , also called ''Denésoliné'' or ''Dënesųłı̨né'' or ''Dënë Sųłınë́'', meaning "the original/real people") are a Dene group of Indigenous Canadian people belonging to the Athabaskan language family, whose ancest ...

. is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is not used within roots, where may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *. Examples are . is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet of Hmong. is used for in English transcriptions of the Polish digraph . is used for the foreign sound in German. A common variant is the tetragraph . It is used in Juǀʼhoan for the

aspirated affricate . is used for foreign loan words with Norwegian. Sometimes the digraph ''dj'' is used. is used for the voiced

palatal click The palatal or palato-alveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found, as components of words, only in southern Africa. The tongue is nearly flat, and is pulled back rather than down as in the postalveolar clicks, making a sharpe ...

Naro Naro ( ) is a ''comune'' in the province of Agrigento, on the island of Sicily, Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Agrigento, Caltanissetta, Camastra, Campobello di Licata, Canicattì, Castrofilippo, Delia, Favara, Licata, Palma di ...

. is used for in English transcriptions of the

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

digraph . In the practical orthography of Taa, where it represents the prevoiced affricate . is used for when it precedes a vowel and otherwise in Polish, and is considered a variant of the digraph dź appearing in other situations. is used for the voiced palato-alveolar affricate in Hungarian is used for the whistled sibilant affricate in Shona. is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

E

is used for in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in French for after . is used for in Irish, between slender consonants. is used for in French and is a word itself meaning "water". is used for in

Lancashire dialect The Lancashire dialect (or colloquially, Lanky) refers to the Northern English vernacular speech of the English county of Lancashire. The region is notable for its tradition of poetry written in the dialect. Scope of Lancashire dialect ...

. is used for in

Afrikaans Afrikaans is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and also Argentina where there is a group in Sarmiento, Chubut, Sarmiento that speaks the Pat ...

. is used for ( before a vowel) in French. is used for in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in Cantonese

Jyutping The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme, also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK). The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping ro ...

for . is used for the

in the practical orthography of Taa (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath). is used in Cantonese

Yale romanisation The Yale romanizations are four romanization systems created at Yale University for the following four East Asian languages: * Yale romanization of Mandarin * Yale romanization of Cantonese * Yale romanization of Korean * JSL romanization JSL is ...

for .

F

is used for in Icelandic. is used for in Icelandic.

G

is used for in French words such as . is used for before , , in Italian. is used for in the

Nynorsk Nynorsk (; ) is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (''Landsmål''), parallel to the Da ...

Norwegian standard; e.g., "lay". is used for ejective in Hadza. is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound is used for in Corsican. is used for a labialized velar/uvular in

. In Canadian

Tlingit The Tlingit or Lingít ( ) are Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. , they constitute two of the 231 federally recognized List of Alaska Native tribal entities, Tribes of Alaska. Most Tlingit are Alaska Natives; ...

it represents , which is written in Alaska. It is also used for in Gwich'in. is used for before a vowel other than in

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...

. is used for in Talossan. is used for in a few French words such as . is used for the

affricate in the practical orthography of Taa. and are used for at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix ''-e'' in French. E.g. "sharp" and "ambiguous". In the French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional be changed to . are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced aspirated clicks, . are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate ejective-contour clicks, . are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate pulmonic-contour clicks, .

H

is used for a labialized velar/uvular in

. is used for the aspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate in some romanizations of Burmese ချ or ခြ. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

I

is used for an unstressed word-final in Irish, which is realised as , and depending on dialect. represents in

. is used for an unstressed word-final in Irish, which is realised as , and depending on dialect. In English it may be used for , e.g. ''light'' . is used for in a few French words such as ''oignon'' "onion" and ''encoignure'' "corner". It was eliminated in the French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used. is used for or in the ''ijekavian'' reflex of

Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually i ...

. is used for in Breton. is used for in French, as in ''épouiller'' . is used for the

in the practical orthography of Taa. (If IPA does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.) is used for in Irish, between slender consonants.

J–L

is used for in Ossete. is used for in Canadian

, which is written in Alaska. It is also used for in Gwich'in. is used for in the

Norwegian standard, e.g. in "not". is used for in Arrernte. is used for in

Purépecha The Purépecha ( ) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro. They are also known by the derogatory term " Tarascan", an exonym, app ...

. is used for in

Nuxalk The Nuxalk people (Nuxalk language, Nuxalk: ''Nuxalkmc''; pronounced )'','' also referred to as the Bella Coola, Bellacoola or Bilchula, are an Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Indigenous First Nations in Canada, First Nation ...

. is a common convention for . is used for in Arrernte. is used for after in a few French words, such as . is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence . is used for in Arrernte.

M

is used for in Shona. is used for the sound in Portuguese.

N

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In

Xhosa Xhosa may refer to: * Xhosa people, a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa * Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people See als ...

is represents . is used for in Xhosa. is used for in Swahili. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet. is used for , a prenasalised , in some African orthographies. is used for in Xhosa. is used for in several languages such as Filipino and Malay that use for . is used for , before , , and , in Vietnamese. In Welsh, it represents a

voiceless In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies v ...

velar nasal (a under the nasal mutation). In

, represents a murmured

velar nasal The voiced velar nasal, also known as eng, engma, or agma (from Greek 'fragment'), is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is the sound of ''ng'' in English ''sing'' as well as ''n'' before velar consonants as in ''E ...

. is used for voiceless in Gogo. is used for a back

velar Velar may refer to: * Velar consonant Velar consonants are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (also known as the "velum"). Since the velar region ...

stop, , in Yanyuwa is used for

doubly articulated consonant Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.). They are a subset of co-articulated consonants. They are to be distinguished from co-artic ...

in Yélî Dnye of

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n ...

. is used for in Xhosa. is used for in Bouyei and

Standard Zhuang Standard Zhuang ( autonym: , ; pre-1982 autonym: ; Sawndip: ; ) is the official standardized form of the Zhuang languages, which are a branch of the Northern Tai languages. Its pronunciation is based on that of the Yongbei Zhuang dialect ...

. is used or in the orthographies of several languages. is used for in Xhosa. is used for in Arrernte. is info for in Xhosa. is used in for the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for , a prenasalized , in some African orthographies. is used for the

alveolar click The alveolar or postalveolar clicks are a family of click consonants found only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. The tongue is more or less concave (depending on the language), and is pulled down rather than back as i ...

in Xhosa. is used for the prenasalized

lateral click The lateral clicks are a family of click consonants found only in African languages. The clicking sound used by equestrians to urge on their horses is a lateral click, although it is not a speech sound in that context. Lateral clicks are fou ...

in Xhosa. is used in

Inuktitut Inuktitut ( ; , Inuktitut syllabics, syllabics ), also known as Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the North American tree line, including parts of the provinces of ...

and Greenlandic to write a long (geminate) velar nasal, . is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence . is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for the click in

. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop, . is used for in

Cypriot Arabic Cypriot Arabic (, ), also known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic or Sanna (, ), is a moribund variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus. Formerly speakers were mostly situated in Kormakitis, but following the Turkish invasion of C ...

. is used for in

. is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Malagasy it represents . is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in Xhosa. In Gogo it's voiceless . is used for a pre-

stop, in Yanyuwa. is used for in Arrernte. is used for the prenasalized whistled sibilant in Shona. are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four murmured nasal clicks, .

O

is used for ( in

) in Irish. is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish. is used for in

. is used for in Dutch and Afrikaans. is that represents a Walloon nasal vowel. is used for and in the Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of Lombard. is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish. is used for ( before a vowel) in French. In Tibetan Pinyin, it represents and is alternately ön. is used for in Irish, between broad consonants. is used for in Irish. is used for in Dutch and

. is used for the

in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

P–R

is used in Kuanua, in "water". is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in Arrernte. is used for in Soninke. is used for in Silesian. is used for final in some English words of French origin, such as ''macaque'', ''oblique'', ''opaque'', and ''torque''. is used for in several English names of Scots origin, such as

Sanquhar Sanquhar (, ) is a town on the River Nith in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, north of Thornhill and west of Moffat. It is a former Royal Burgh. It is notable for its tiny post office, established in 1712 and considered the oldest working p ...

, Farquhar, and Urquhart or , as in

Colquhoun Colquhoun ( ) is a surname of Scotland, Scottish origin. The "l" is typically silent per developments in the Phonological history of Scots, Scots language. Phonetically, MacOlquhoun is similar to McElhone, MacElhone/MacIlhone and therefore Colquhou ...

. is used for in

. is used for the affricate in the practical orthography of Taa. is used for in Arrernte. is used for a retroflex stop in Yanyuwa. is used for , a uvular nasal followed by velar nasal, in

. is used for in Arrernte. is used for in words of Greek derivation such as ''diarrhea''. is used for in Arrernte. is used for the ''sje'' sound in Swedish as in the word "marshal". is used for in Arrernte. is used for in Arrernte.

S

is used for in

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

and other languages influenced by it such as

Low German Low German is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language variety, language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora worldwide. "Low" ...

and Romansh. It is used for the ''sje'' sound in Swedish at the end of a French loanword; e.g., (fr. ), or in Greek loanwords, such as ("schedule") and . In Walloon, it represents a consonant that is variously , , , or , depending on the dialect. In English, is usually used for , but the word ' (from the

Late Latin Late Latin is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the 3rd to 6th centuries CE, and continuing into the 7th century in ...

) can be or depending on dialect. In Dutch, it may represent word-final , as in the common suffix ''-isch'' and in some (sur)names, like Bosch and

Den Bosch s-Hertogenbosch (), colloquially known as Den Bosch (), is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of ...

. In the

Rheinische Dokumenta The Rheinische Dokumenta () is a phonetic writing system developed in the early 1980s by a working group of academics, linguists, local language experts, and local language speakers of the Rhineland. It was presented to the public in 1986 by the ...

, is used to denote the sounds , and , while with an arc below denotes . is used in

for before , , . is used in Bolivian Quechua for . is used in Gwich'in for . represents a fricative phoneme in some

Scandinavian language The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also r ...

s. In Faroese (e.g. "to shoot") and in Norwegian (e.g. "maybe"), it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative . In Swedish (e.g. "shirt") it is often realised as the ''sje'' sound . is used for in English such as in ''mission''. It is used in a few French loanwords in Swedish for the ''sje'' sound , e.g. "dessert plate". is used for the ''sje'' sound in a few Swedish words between two short vowels, such as "hayrack". is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence . is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced before a consonant, as in and ; in American English, it is pronounced in ''isthmus'' and in ''asthma''. is used for the ''sje'' sound in 5 native Swedish words, it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative or the consonant cluster in Norwegian depending on dialect. is used for in Cantonese romanization. and are used for the sequence in

Piedmontese Piedmontese ( ; autonym: or ; ) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, a region of Northwest Italy. Although considered by most linguists a separate language, in Italy it is often mistakenly regarded as an Italian ...

. and are used for the sequence in Piedmontese.

T

is used for the click in

. is used for the aspirated click in Naro, the aspirated affricate in Sandawe, Hadza and Juǀʼhoan, and the affricate in French and Portuguese. In modern Walloon it is , which used to be written ''ch''. In Swedish it is used for the affricate in a small number of English loanwords, such as ''match'' and ''batch''. In English it is a variant of the digraph , used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph for . is used for the uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan. and are used for in Arrernte. is used for in

. It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph . is used for in Arrernte. is used for in

. is used for in languages such as

Tswana Tswana may refer to: * Tswana people, the Bantu languages, Bantu speaking people in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and other Southern Africa regions * Tswana language, the language spoken by the (Ba)Tswana people * Tswanaland, ...

, and is in the fictional

Klingon language The Klingon language (, ''Klingon scripts, '': , ) is the constructed language spoken by a fictional alien race called the Klingons in the ''Star Trek'' universe. Described in the 1985 book ''The Klingon Dictionary'' by Marc Okrand and delibe ...

from ''Star Trek'', where it is treated as a single letter. is used in Catalan for . In Valencian and Balearic it represents . and are used for in Arrernte. is used for in Arrernte. is used for in Arrernte. is used for in

. is used for in Naro. is used in various languages, such as Juǀʼhoan, for the aspirated affricate . In the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, it represents the sound . In

, it may be used to write , , or , though it is sometimes limited to , with and distinguished as and . is used for in Dutch and Norwegian. is used for the whistled sibilant affricate in Shona. is used for the uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan. is used for or in Seneca, can also be . is used for the syllables and in Cantonese romanization. is used for dental affricate in

. is used for ejective in Haida (Bringhurst orthography). is used for ejective in Haida (Bringhurst orthography). is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence . is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. is used for in

. is used for in Arrernte. is used for in

names (such as Cheung Tze-keung) or in Chinese names (such as

Yangtze The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ) is the longest river in Eurasia and the third-longest in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and flows including Dam Qu River the longest source of the Yangtze, i ...

U–W

is used for in Irish, between broad consonants. is used for the

in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.) is used for in Central Alaskan Yup'ik.

X–Z

is used for in Canadian

, which is written in Alaska. is used in Gwich'in for . is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

Other

(capital ) is used for in Kabiye, a pre-nasalized . are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four aspirated

nasal click Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow. All click types ( alveolar , dental , lateral , palatal , retroflex , and labial ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceles ...

s, . are used in

Khoekhoe Khoikhoi ( /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/ ''KOY-koy'') (or Khoekhoe in Namibian orthography) are the traditionally nomadic pastoralist indigenous population of South Africa. They are often grouped with the hunter-gatherer San (literally "foragers") peop ...

for its four plain aspirated clicks, . {{Latin script Latin-script trigraphs