Scarab Mark II
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The Scarab Mk. I was a
sports racing car Sports car racing is a form of motorsport road racing that uses sports cars with two seats and enclosed wheels. They may be either purpose-built Sports prototype, sports prototypes, which are the highest level in sports car racing; or grand to ...
, designed, developed and built by American manufacturer Scarab, between 1957 and 1958, while the Scarab Mk. II was designed, developed and built between 1958 and 1959. Both models were driven by several notable racers, including
Carroll Shelby Carroll Hall Shelby (January 11, 1923 – May 10, 2012) was an American automotive designer, racing driver, and entrepreneur. Shelby was involved with the AC Cobra and Ford Mustang, Mustang for Ford Motor Company. With driver Ken Miles, he dev ...
,
Chuck Daigh Charles George Daigh (November 29, 1923 – April 29, 2008) was an American racing car driver. He broke into Grand Prix racing through Lance Reventlow's Scarab team, by virtue of being one of the resident engineers. Born in Long Beach, California ...
and
Bruce Kessler Bruce Kessler (March 23, 1936 – April 4, 2024) was an American racing driver and film and television director. Racing career Bruce Kessler was born in Seattle, Washington, and grew up in Beverly Hills, California. He was the son of a clothin ...
.


Background

Born in
Winfield House Winfield House is an English townhouse in Regent's Park, central London and the official residence of the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (formally, ambassador to the Court of St. James's). The grounds are , the second largest ...
,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, on February 24, 1936, Lance Reventlow was the only child of Danish nobleman Count Kurt Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow and American socialite
Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton (November 14, 1912 – May 11, 1979) was an American debutante, socialite, heiress and philanthropist. She was dubbed the "Poor Little Rich Girl"—first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 ...
. Hutton had inherited the Woolworth fortune, thus making Lance Reventlow heir to it. Reventlow began racing in 1955 at 19 years old with a
Mercedes 300SL The Mercedes-Benz 300 SL (chassis code W 198) is a two-seat sports car that was produced by Mercedes-Benz from 1954 to 1957 as a gullwinged coupé and from 1957 to 1963 as a roadster. The 300 SL traces its origins to the company's 1952 racin ...
. In 1957, he travelled to Europe with Warren Olson, a distributor for
Cooper Cooper, Cooper's, Coopers and similar may refer to: * Cooper (profession), a maker of wooden casks and other staved vessels Arts and entertainment * Cooper (producers), an alias of Dutch producers Klubbheads * "Cooper", a song by Roxette from ...
in
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, and a
Formula Two Formula Two (F2) is a type of Open-wheel car, open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 FIA Formula Two Championship season, 2009 to 2012 FIA Formula Two C ...
Cooper T43 The Cooper T43 was a Formula One and Formula Two racing car designed and built by Cooper Car Company for the 1957 Formula One season, first appearing at the 1957 Monaco Grand Prix in a works car for Jack Brabham. The T43 earned a significant pla ...
. Most of the races he attempted to enter rejected him, and during a race at
Snetterton Circuit Snetterton Circuit is a motor racing course in Norfolk, England, originally opened in 1953. Owned by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation since 2004, it is situated on the A11 road north-east of the town of Thetford and south-w ...
he flipped his Maserati 200S, launching him from the cockpit. By that time, he'd been joined by
Bruce Kessler Bruce Kessler (March 23, 1936 – April 4, 2024) was an American racing driver and film and television director. Racing career Bruce Kessler was born in Seattle, Washington, and grew up in Beverly Hills, California. He was the son of a clothin ...
, a friend from when Reventlow was in school, who had won the 500cc Club of America Championship the year prior. The two planned to build an American car that could race and beat European sports cars in European racing. They travelled to several British companies including Lotus, Cooper and
British Racing Motors British Racing Motors (BRM) was a British Formula One motor racing team. Founded in 1945 and based in the market town of Bourne, Lincolnshire, Bourne in Lincolnshire, it participated from 1951 to 1977, competing in 197 Grand Prix motor raci ...
, before reaching the
Lister Motor Company Lister Motor Company Ltd is a British sports car manufacturer founded by Brian Lister in 1954 in Cambridge, England, which became known for its involvement in motorsport. After buying the company in 1986, Laurence Pearce produced variants of th ...
in
Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...
. They met with Brian Lister, getting a tour around the workshop while Reventlow questioned Lister on the vehicles being made there, which were dominant at the time in Britain. Despite how impressed Kessler was by the vehicles, Reventlow was not, believing that they could do better. Incorporating Reventlow Automobiles in 1957, he hired Olson to manage the Scarab team. The team hired Dick Troutman and Tom Barnes to help build the car,
Chuck Daigh Charles George Daigh (November 29, 1923 – April 29, 2008) was an American racing car driver. He broke into Grand Prix racing through Lance Reventlow's Scarab team, by virtue of being one of the resident engineers. Born in Long Beach, California ...
as a development engineer, Jim Travers and Frank Coon (founders of Traco Engineering, the best-known racing engine company in the country at the time) Phil Remington (who was later hired as by
Carroll Shelby Carroll Hall Shelby (January 11, 1923 – May 10, 2012) was an American automotive designer, racing driver, and entrepreneur. Shelby was involved with the AC Cobra and Ford Mustang, Mustang for Ford Motor Company. With driver Ken Miles, he dev ...
for the
Ford GT The Ford GT is a Mid-engine design, mid-engine two-seater sports car manufactured and marketed by American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company, Ford for the 2005 model year in conjunction with the company's 2003 centenary. The second gene ...
program), Emil Diedt (who formed the aluminum body of the cars around the around the space-frame chassis), Leo Goossen and Kenneth Howard (who developed the Scarab’s blue
metallic paint Metallic paint, which may also be called metal flake (or incorrectly named polychromatic), is a type of paint that is most common on new automobiles, but is also used for other purposes. Metallic color, Metallic paint can reveal the contours of Co ...
scheme).


1958–1960

The cars were funded by Lance Reventlow and built by Barnes and Troutman in Warren Olson's sports car shop in
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, featuring a small block Chevrolet engine from Traco Engineering. Despite aiming to race and beat European sports cars of the time, during construction European sports car rules were changed so that engine displacement could be no more than 3,000 cubic centimetres (3.0 litres of
displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
). Despite trialling the third of the three
front engine Front-engine design is an automotive design where the engine is in the front side of the car, connected to the wheels via a drive shaft. The main types of Front engine design are: * Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, the traditional automo ...
Scarabs with a
four cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categoriz ...
Meyer-Drake
Offenhauser The Offenhauser Racing Engine, or Offy, is a racing engine design that dominated American open wheel racing for more than 50 years and is still popular among vintage sprint and midget car racers. History The Offenhauser engine, familiarl ...
engine to bring it into compliance, the results were described by Daigh as "100 pounds heavier than the Chevy and had 100 horsepower less." As such, they replaced the Offenhauser with the same small block Chevrolet engine as the other two. After the first was finished in early 1958, it became immediately competitive. At its first test at Willow Springs on January 16, 1958, Daigh broke the lap record, beating it by four seconds a week later. A month later at its official debut at a
Sports Car Club of America The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs ...
(SCCA) regional in Phoenix,
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, Kessler beat the lap record by six seconds. In May, Reventlow won with it at Santa Barbara. A second was built for Daigh, the right-hand drive Mk. II, and for the rest of the year the two cars won every race they finished in, setting lap records at every track they raced on. At that year's United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars, the fourth and final round of the
United States Auto Club The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the List of USAC Championship Car seasons, United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the ...
's Road Racing Championship season, two Scarab Mk. IIs and one Mk. I were submitted. In qualifying, Daigh came second in the Mk. II with a time of two minutes and 4.8 seconds, while Reventlow came third in the other Mk. II with a time of two minutes and 8.14 seconds. Reventlow attempted to qualify with the Mk. I as well, but failed. During the race, Reventlow was hit by a Ferrari 412 S driven by
Phil Hill Philip Toll Hill Jr. (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American racing driver, who competed in Formula One from to . Hill won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in with Ferrari, and won three Grands Prix across eight seas ...
, resulting in damage to the rear of his vehicle and a punctured fuel tank. Despite this, Reventlow carried on, reaching third place by lap seven, but was given a black flag so that the punctured fuel tank could be repaired. Once repaired, officials refused to let the car, now driven by Kessler who had taken over from Reventlow, back on the track, resulting in an "irate outburst" from Reventlow. The "punch up" that followed resulted in him and the car being disqualified. A fierce battle occurred between Daigh and Hill through the majority of the race, which ended after, on lap 20, Hill's Ferrari started to suffer from fuel vaporisation due to the heat, eventually forcing him to retire later in the race. Daigh's Mk. II suffered as well, with a damaged differential, brakes that were overheating and worries about the fuel consumption of the car. Despite this, he still won the race. As the year ended, the Scarabs also won at Leguna Seca and Nassau Speed Week, where Reventlow won the Governor’s Cup and he and Daigh drove in the Nassau Trophy feature, winning it. Even after the Mk IIs were sold, the cars continued to win races under Nickey Nouse and Meister Bräuser, where it was driven by Augie Pabst for the 1960 Pacific Grand Prix, a part of the
USAC Road Racing Championship The USAC Road Racing Championship was a sports car racing series in the United States held from 1958 until 1962. The series was organized by the United States Auto Club as a fully professional alternative to the Sports Car Club of America's SCCA Na ...
. As of 2008, Augie Pabst still owned the Mk. II he raced with. Another Mk. II was also driven by Shelby during the
1960 USAC Road Racing Championship The 1960 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the third season of the USAC Road Racing Championship. It began April 3, 1960, and ended October 23rd, 1960, after five races. Carroll Shelby won the season championship. Calendar Season resu ...
, where on June 26 he broke the lap record twice, winning the race.


Post-closure of Scarab


Originals

Despite shutting down the company in 1962 Reventlow kept the original prototype, the left-hand drive Mk. I, Chassis 001, which his friend Raoul Balcaen converted into a street-legal car. Reventlow later sold it, and as of 2016 the owner was Rob Walton. Augie Pabst, as of 2008, still owned the same Mk. II, Chassis 002, that he drove under Meister Bräuser.


Replicas

An exact replica of the Chassis 002 Mk. II was built using the original plans by Troutman and Barnes in 1983 for the 25th anniversary of the car by Reventlow's brother, Richard Reventlow. Funded by a collector, Augie Pabst was approached to see if they could have access to his car, to which he agreed, allowing his car to be photographed and documented, which took over three years. Following its construction, the car was presented to some of the original team at Scarab, all of which said that it was an exact replica of Chassis 002. The team at Meister Bräuser also signed a certificate of authenticity stating that it was an exact replica. It later gained an FIA certification, with which it gained its Historical Technical Passport, valid until 2027, allowing it to drive in races around the world. In 2017, an FIA certification was given to a set of 20 replicas of the Mk. II.


50th anniversary

In July 2008, several Scarabs were raced at the
Kohler International Challenge The Kohler International Challenge with Brian Redman or the KIC (formerly the Brian Redman International Challenge, BRIC) is one of the largest vintage road races in the United States. It is held at Road America during the third weekend in July and ...
at
Road America Road America is a motorsport Road racing, road course located near Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin on Wisconsin Highway 67. It has hosted races since the 1950s and currently hosts races in the IndyCar Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, Sports Car Club ...
, marking the 50th anniversary of the first race a Scarab took part in, with said replica in attendance. Several members of the original team were also in attendance, including Olson and his wife, Simone (who managed the
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), Remington,
Chuck Pelly Charles Whipple Pelly, commonly Chuck Pelly, is an American industrial designer. Pelly is best known for founding the global design consultancy DesignworksUSA. He has spent most of his life in Southern California. He attended the Art Center Coll ...
, Kessler and Balcaen. Kessler said of the event "If he were here, Lance would be smiling from ear to ear. Nobody ever thought at the time that these cars would still be racing 50 years later."


References

{{Reflist Sports racing cars 1950s cars Cars of the United States