The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s (including small trees, shrubs,

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

herbs, and

epiphytic An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...

climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy
, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other members of

Santalales The Santalales are an order (biology), order of flowering plants in the dicotyledons. Well-known members of the Santalales include Santalum, sandalwoods and the many species of mistletoes. The order has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is heavily ...

, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are bisexual or, by abortion ("flower drop"), unisexual.Pilger, R
''Santalaceae''
(with 17 figures). R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 350, pp. 1-45. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family

Viscaceae Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant tax ...

(

mistletoe Mistletoe is the common name for obligate parasite, obligate parasitic plant, hemiparasitic plants in the Order (biology), order Santalales. They are attached to their host tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they ...

s), previously considered distinct. The

APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly Molecular phylogenetics, molecular-based, list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy that ...

of 2003 recognises the family and assigns it to the order

in the clade

core eudicots The eudicots or eudicotyledons are flowering plants that have two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination. The term derives from ''dicotyledon'' (etymologically, ''eu'' = true; ''di'' = two; ''cotyledon'' = seed leaf). Historically, authors h ...

. However, the circumscription by APG is much wider than accepted by previous classifications, including the plants earlier treated in families Eremolepidaceae and

. It includes about 1,000 species in 43 genera. Many have reported traditional and cultural uses, including as medicine.

Genera

40 genera are accepted. *'' Acanthosyris'' *'' Amphorogyne'' *''

Antidaphne ''Antidaphne'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Santalaceae. Its native range is Tropical America, Chile. Species: *''Antidaphne amazonensis'' *''Antidaphne andina'' *''Antidaphne antidaphneoides'' *''Antidaphne glazio ...

'' (previously Eremolepidaceae) *''

Arceuthobium The genus ''Arceuthobium'', commonly called dwarf mistletoes, is a genus of 42 species of parasitic plants that parasitize members of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae in North America, Central America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. Of the 42 species that h ...

'' (previously Viscaceae) *''

Buckleya ''Buckleya'' is an Asian and American genus of hemiparasitic shrubs in the sandalwood family. It is named for Samuel Botsford Buckley. ''Buckleya'' is also known as piratebush. Plants of this species are dioecious Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ...

'' *'' Cervantesia'' Ruiz & Pav. *'' Choretrum'' R.Br. *''

Comandra ''Comandra'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Comandra umbellata''. Its common names include bastard toadflax, umbellate bastard toadflax, and common comandra. The plant has a disjunct distribution; its four subspecies occur i ...

'' Nutt. *'' Daenikera'' *'' Dendromyza'' *'' Dendrophthora'' (previously Viscaceae) *'' Dendrotrophe'' *'' Dufrenoya'' *''

Eubrachion ''Eubrachion'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Santalaceae. Its native range is Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, N ...

'' (previously Eremolepidaceae) *''

Exocarpos ''Exocarpos'' is a genus of Flowering plant, flowering shrubs and small trees in the sandalwood family, Santalaceae. They are found throughout Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. They are semi-Parasitic plant, parasitic, requiring ...

'' Labill. (synonym '' Omphacomeria'' ) *'' Geocaulon'' *'' Ginalloa'' (previously Viscaceae) *'' Jodina'' *'' Korthalsella'' Tiegh. *'' Lacomucinaea'' *''

Lepidoceras ''Lepidoceras'' is a genus of hemiparasitic flowering plants belonging to the family Santalaceae. The genus has two species; ''Lepidoceras chilense'' is endemic to Chile and ''Lepidoceras peruvianum'' is endemic to Peru. ''Lepidoceras chilense ...

'' (previously Eremolepidaceae) *'' Leptomeria'' *''

Mida Mida may refer to: * Mida, Lorestan, a village in Iran * Mida (website), Israeli online magazine * Lucia Mida, a golfer * MIDA, an organic compound * Mida Rana, a character from Yandere Simulator#Characters, ''Yandere Simulator'' * MIDA, (Brand), M ...

'' *'' Myoschilos'' *'' Nanodea'' *'' Nestronia'' *'' Notothixos'' (previously Viscaceae) *'' Okoubaka'' Pellegr. & Normand *'' Osyridicarpos'' *'' Osyris'' *'' Phacellaria'' *'' Phoradendron'' Nutt. (previously Viscaceae) *'' Pilgerina'' Z.S.Rogers, Nickrent & Malécot *'' Pyrularia'' *'' Rhoiacarpos'' *''

Santalum ''Santalum'' is a genus of woody flowering plants in the Santalaceae family, the best known and most commercially valuable of which is the Indian sandalwood tree, '' S. album''. Members of the genus are trees or shrubs. Most are root parasit ...

'' L. *'' Scleropyrum'' *''

Staufferia ''Staufferia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Santalaceae. It just contains one species, ''Staufferia capuronii'' Z.S.Rogers, Nickrent & Malécot It is native to Madagascar. The genus name of ''Staufferia'' is ...

'' *'' Thesium'' L. *''

Viscum ''Viscum'' is a genus of over 100 species of mistletoes, native to temperate and tropical regions of Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Traditionally, the genus has been placed in its own family Viscaceae, but recent genetic research by the An ...

'' L. (previously Viscaceae)

Formerly placed here

*'' Anthobolus'' R.Br. – to Opiliaceae *'' Arjona'' - to Schoepfiaceae *''

Quinchamalium ''Quinchamalium'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Schoepfiaceae, with a single species ''Quinchamalium chilense'', native to Chile, Argentina, Peru and Bolivia. Depending on the latitude, it can be found from sea level to 3,800 m ...

'' - to Schoepfiaceae

References

External links

Parasitic Plant Connection web site: Amphorogynaceae

Eudicot families {{Santalales-stub