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Okoubaka
''Okoubaka'' is a genus of tall forest tree native to west and central tropical Africa. It consists of two species, plus a third species or variety. Its name is from the Anyin language meaning a tree with allelopathic properties, or a tree that causes the death of surrounding vegetation. The tree was once common throughout West Africa and parts of Central Africa, with ''O. aubrevillei'' being the primary West African species, and ''O. michelsonii'' found in Central Africa. ''O. aubrevillei'' was originally named ''Oktoknema okoubaka'' and placed in the Octoknemaceae or Olacaceae; however careful morphological studies of the fruits have led to it being classified as ''Okoubaka'' and placed in the Santalaceae. Species *'' Okoubaka aubrevillei'' (formerly called ''Octoknema okoubaka'' ) **''O. aubrevillei'' var. ''glabrescentifolia'' – variety found in Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okoubaka Aubrevillei
''Okoubaka aubrevillei'' (known as okoubaka tree from ''"oku baku"'' in Anyin) is a rare tropical tree species distributed throughout tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa that is thought to be the largest known parasitic plant. Names The name "okoubaku" derives from the Anyin (a language mostly spoken by peoples in Côte d'Ivoire) term ''oku baku'' meaning "a tree that causes the death of surrounding vegetation", or "a tree with allelopathic properties", or simply "death tree". Description The okoubaka tree is considered a trophophyte, meaning it is adapted to an environment that alternates between periods of heavy rainfall and droughts. It is deciduous meaning it sheds its leaves seasonally, and monoecious, meaning it contains both male and female reproductive flower parts. It is a tree that can reach 40 meters in height with a trunk that can reach 3 meters in width. The tree forms a large bushy crown and has a straight and cylindrical bole (trunk). Its bark is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are bisexual or, by abortion ("flower drop"), unisexual.Pilger, R''Santalaceae''(with 17 figures). R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 350, pp. 1-45. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. The APG II system of 2003 recognises the family and assigns it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots. However, the circumscription by APG is much wider than accepted by previous classifications, including the plants earlier treated in families Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae. It includes about 1,000 species in 43 genera. Many have reported traditional and cultural uses, including as medicine. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Pellegrin
François Pellegrin (25 September 1881, in Paris's 6e arrondissement – 9 April 1965, in the Hôpital Bichat in the 18e arrondissement) was a French botanist, who specialised in the plants of tropical Africa. He published some 623 plant names, and has been honoured in the specific epithets of many plant species, such as, for example, ''Bikinia pellegrinii'', ''Euphorbia pellegrinii'', ''Hymenostegia pellegrinii'', '' Polyceratocarpus pellegrinii'', and ''Sericanthe pellegrinii''. He was also honoured in 1935 by botanist Hermann Otto Sleumer who published ''Pellegrinia'', a genus of flowering plants from south America, belonging to the family Ericaceae. Biography He studied under Bureau and van Tieghem, and by 1912 had presented his thesis for his doctorate and become an assistant to Professor Paul Henri Lecomte, when war broke out in 1914. In 1914 he was gravely wounded, taken prisoner by the Germans, and after several months "returned" under the requirement to live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are some three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, Scramble for Africa, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anyin Language
Anyin, also known as Agni, Agny, and Anyi, is a Niger-Congo language spoken mainly in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. It is a Kwa language of the Central Tano branch, forming a dialect continuum with Baoulé, and is closely related to Nzema and Sehwi. Its dialects, divided into Northern and Central dialect areas, include Sannvin, Abé, Ano, Bona, Bini, and Barabo in the Northern area and Ndenye and Juablin in the Central area. In Côte d'Ivoire, there are approximately 1.45 million native speakers of Anyin, along with 10,000 second-language users; in Ghana, there are approximately 66,400 speakers. Morofo, spoken by 300,000 in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, is sometimes classified as a dialect of Anyin, but may also be classified as a separate language. Phonology Consonants Vowels Of these vowels, five may be nasalized: /ĩ/, /ɪ̃/, /ã/, /ũ/, and /ʊ̃/. Tones Anyin has two level tones, high and mid; two contour tones, high-low and low-high; and one neutral tone. To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms and the community. Allelopathy is often used narrowly to describe chemically-mediated competition between plants; however, it is sometimes defined more broadly as chemically-mediated competition between any type of organisms. Allelochemicals are a subset of secondary metabolites, which are not directly required for metabolism (i.e. growth, development and reproduction) of the allelopathic organism. Allelopathic interactions are an important factor in determining species distribution and abundance within plant communities, and are also thought to be important in the success of many invasive plants. For specific examples, see black waln ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ( United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R. Masson, Catherine Anne Pattillo, "Monetary union in West Africa (ECOWAS): is it desirable and how could it be achieved?" (Introduction). International Monetary Fund, 2001. The population of West Africa is estimated at about million people as of , and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 are female and 192,309,000 male. The region is demographically and economically one of the fastest growing on the African continent. Early history in West Africa included a number of prominent regional powers that dominated different parts of both the coastal and internal trade networ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Africa
Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and São Tomé and Príncipe are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Six of those states (the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon) are also members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and share a common currency, the Central African CFA franc. The African Development Bank defines Central Africa as the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. Middle Africa is an analogous term used by the United Nations in its geoscheme for Africa. It includes the same countries as the African Development Bank's definiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octoknemaceae
Octoknemaceae is a monotypic family of flowering plants endemic to continental Africa. The APG III system of 2009 and the APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), do not recognize this family.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x The family is recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (or APweb) is a website dedicated to research on angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy. The site is hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden website and maintained by researchers, Peter F. Stevens and Hilary M. Davis. ..., based on work since the publication of the APG III system. References External links Octoknemaceaein L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards)''The families of flowering plants'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it into seven segregate families. Taxonomy The 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system assign it to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots. Prior to the advent of molecular data, the circumscription of the family Olacaceae varied widely between different authorities.Valéry Malécot and Daniel L. Nickrent. 2008. "Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales". ''Systematic Botany'' 33(1):97-106. Among these various classifications, about 30 genera were included in the family. 15 genera are recognized for Olacaceae by the Germplasm Resources Information Network. The phylogenetic investigation published in 2008 recovered seven clades that were well-supported by molecular and morphological characters, but no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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