The Saharan languages are a small family of languages across parts of the eastern

Sahara , photo = Sahara real color.jpg , photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972 , map = , map_image = , location = , country = , country1 = , ...

, extending from northwestern Darfur to southern

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Su ...

, north and central

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Repub ...

, eastern

Niger ) , official_languages = , languages_type = National languagesNigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of G ...

. Noted Saharan languages include Kanuri (4 million speakers, around

Lake Chad Lake Chad (french: Lac Tchad) is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Central Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries. According to the ''Global Resource Information Database'' of the United Nations Environment Programme ...

in Chad, Nigeria, Niger, and

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west- central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; th ...

Daza Daza may refer to * Toubou people in northern Africa * Daza language * Dazawa language also known as Daza, spoken in Nigeria *Daza (surname) Daza is a surname of the following people *Camilo Daza (1898–1975), Colombian aviator **Camilo Daza Inte ...

(330,000 speakers, Chad), Teda (49,000 speakers, northern Chad), and

Zaghawa Zaghawa may refer to: * Zaghawa people * Zaghawa language {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...

(170,000 speakers, eastern Chad and Darfur). They are a part of the proposed

Nilo-Saharan The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of African languages spoken by some 50–60 million people, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet. ...

family. A comparative word list of the Saharan languages has been compiled by

Václav Blažek Václav Blažek (born 23 April 1959 in Sokolov, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech historical linguist. He is a professor at Masaryk University (Brno, Czech Republic) and also teaches at the University of West Bohemia ( Pilsen, Czech Republic). His majo ...

(2007).

Internal classification

External classification

Roger Blench Roger Marsh Blench (born August 1, 1953) is a British linguist, ethnomusicologist and development anthropologist. He has an M.A. and a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and is based in Cambridge, England. He researches, publishes, and wor ...

argues that the Saharan and

Songhay languages The Songhay, Songhai or Ayneha languages (, or ) are a group of closely related languages/dialects centred on the middle stretches of the Niger River in the West African countries of Mali, Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. In particular, ...

form a Songhay-Saharan branch with each other within the wider Nilo-Saharan linguistic phylum.

Reconstruction

Cyffer (2020:385) gives the following Proto-Saharan reconstructions:

Comparative vocabulary

Sample basic vocabulary of Saharan languages from Blažek (2007):Blažek, Václav. 2007. ]https://www.muni.cz/en/research/publications/763232 On application of Glottochronology for Saharan Languages]. In ''Viva Africa'' 2007. Proceedings of the IInd International Conference on African Studies (April 2007). Plzeň: Dryáda, 2007. p. 19-38, 19 pp. .

Numerals

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saharan Languages Saharan languages, Language families