''Sadwavirus'' is a genus of
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ...
in the order ''
Picornavirales
''Picornavirales'' is an order of viruses with vertebrate, invertebrate, protist and plant hosts. The name has a dual etymology. First, ''picorna-'' is an acronym for poliovirus, insensitivity to ether, coxsackievirus, orphan virus, rhinovirus, ...
'', in the family ''
Secoviridae
''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bact ...
''. Plants (specifically
Satsuma
Satsuma may refer to:
* Satsuma (fruit), a citrus fruit
* ''Satsuma'' (gastropod), a genus of land snails
Places Japan
* Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town
* Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture
* Satsuma Domain, a ...
mandarin trees) serve as natural hosts. There are three subgenera and thirteen species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: satsuma dwarf virus disease which causes spoon-shaped leaves on citrus tree. Symptoms are
enations, multiple flushing, stunting or dwarfing, reduction in number and size of leaves and fruits.
The name of this genus comes from one of its species: Satsuma dwarf virus.
Taxonomy
The following subgenera and species are recognized. Species in each subgenus are listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species.
* ''
Cholivirus''
** ''Sadwavirus alphananas'',
Pineapple secovirus A
** ''Sadwavirus betananas'',
Pineapple secovirus B
** ''Sadwavirus cattleyae'',
Cattleya purple ringspot virus
** ''Sadwavirus dioscoreae'',
Dioscorea mosaic associated virus
** ''Sadwavirus fritillariae'',
Chocolate lily virus A
** ''Sadwavirus gammananas'',
Ananas comosus secovirus
** ''Sadwavirus gymnemae'',
Gymnema sylvestre virus 1
* ''
Satsumavirus''
** ''Sadwavirus citri'',
Satsuma dwarf virus
* ''
Stramovirus''
** ''Sadwavirus aciphyllae'',
Surrounding non-legume associated virus
** ''Sadwavirus chysanthemi'',
Chrysanthemum sadwavirus
** ''Sadwavirus fragariae'',
Strawberry mottle virus
** ''Sadwavirus lactucae'',
Lettuce secovirus 1
** ''Sadwavirus rubi'',
Black raspberry necrosis virus
Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) is a plant pathogen virus of the genus ''Sadwavirus'' found in black raspberries (''Rubus occidentalis''). The virus causes leaf chlorosis, mottling
Mottle is a pattern of irregular marks, spots, streaks, ...
Structure
Viruses in ''Sadwavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm.
The
genome
A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ...
is segmented into two parts of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyrib ...
, 11000-12000
nucleotides
Nucleotides are Organic compound, organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both o ...
in length,
[Index of Viruses - Sadwavirus (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm] where one segment is about 7kb and the second segment is 4.6 to 5.4kb.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement.
Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (but not SMOV). Transmission routes are vector, seed borne, and grafting.
References
External links
Viralzone: SadwavirusICTV* UniProt Taxonom
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7398138
Secoviridae
Virus genera