SS Henry

SS ''Henry'' was a Norwegian steam-powered cargo ship best known for being one of the two ships sunk in one of the most controversial incidents in Norway during the Second World War.

Before the Second World War

''Henry'' was built in 1907 for the Swedish company Ångfartygs-A/B Nornan of Gothenburg. She sailed for her original owner until she was sold to Egil Krogh in Norway in 1925. After she was sold to the Norwegian company her tonnage was changed from 604 to 628 gross tons. Following the German invasion of Norway in 1940 she came under German overall control, continuing to sail along the coast of occupied Norway.

Sinking

In the evening of 13 February 1944 ''Henry'' was sailing along the coast near Hustadvika Bay by Hestskjær Lighthouse off the port of Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal county. She was carrying a cargo of rocks from the Aust-Agder town of Risør northwards along the coastline. In addition to the Norwegians on board ''Henry'' she carried four German Army Gefreiters.Hegland 1989: 154 At 1837hrs the SS ''Irma'', a Hurtigruten passenger ship that had just overtaken ''Henry'', was struck and sunk by what later turned out to be torpedoes fired from '' MTB 627'', a Royal Norwegian Navy Motor Torpedo Boat. As ''Henry'' launched two of her lifeboats she too was torpedoed, by the other Royal Norwegian Navy Motor Torpedo Boat present, '' MTB 653''. One of the two lifeboats were brought ashore at Hestskjær Lighthouse by the lighthouse keeper and later brought into Kristiansund.

Two of ''Henry''s crewmen were lost in the ship's sinking, her captain John Olav Gustav Dommersnes and the stoker Johan Wåge Larsen.

The loss of the two civilian Norwegian ships were utilised heavily in propaganda by the Germans and the Norwegian national socialist collaborator party Nasjonal Samling. One of the main uses of the incident in Nazi propaganda was in a recruitment drive aimed at convincing Norwegian sailors to join the German Kriegsmarine.Hegland&Lilleheim 1998: 97 The Nazi propaganda machinery blamed the British Royal Navy for sinking ''Henry'' and ''Irma'', it only becoming known after the war that Royal Norwegian Navy vessels were behind the operation that sank the two ships.

Controversy

The sinking of ''Irma'' and ''Henry'' has been controversial ever since the Second World War, with disagreements over the exact nature of the events. The Royal Norwegian Navy remains adamant that ''Irma'' and ''Henry'' were without lights or national markings and were sailing as a convoy escorted by a German naval trawler.Hegland 1989: 153Voksø 1994: 402 This has been disputed by the survivors of ''Irma'' and ''Henry''.

The MTB crews also claimed that ''Henry'' took evasive action after ''Irma'' was hit, while the survivors claimed that she had stopped to launch two of her lifeboats to assist the survivors from ''Irma'' when she herself was hit and sunk.

One explanation for the presence of the naval trawler reported by the crews of ''MTB 627'' and ''MTB 653'' has been fronted by several researchers. In the Hustadvika area was a small tugboat, the ''Hopplafjord'', which rescued survivors after the sinking of the two ships. ''Hopplafjord'', being similar to a naval trawler in size and profile, may have been misinterpreted as an escort vessel by the MTB commander.

Post-war memorial

''Henry'' was honoured together with ''Irma'' 16 September 2002 when King Harald V of Norway unveiled a monument to the people lost on the two ships, and led a memorial ceremony at sea near the site of the 1944 sinking of the two vessels.

References

Literature

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry, Ss
Maritime incidents in February 1944
Merchant ships of Sweden
Ships built in Gothenburg
Steamships of Norway
Steamships of Sweden
World War II merchant ships of Norway
World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea
1907 ships