Nellore district, officially known as Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in

Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra, also known as Kosta Andhra (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: Kōstā Āndhra), is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, comprising the coastal districts of the state between the East ...

Region, is one of the 26 districts in the

Indian state India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 800 districts and smaller administrative divisions by the respe ...

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...

. According to the 2011 Census, the district's population was 2,963,557 of which 29.07% was urban. Its administrative headquarters are located in

Nellore Nellore, also spelt as Nelluru, is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Coastal Andhra Coastal Andhra, also known as Kosta Andhra (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: Kōstā Āndhra), is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, comprising the coastal districts of the state between the East ...

region, the district is bordered by the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region. Many South Asian and Southe ...

to the east,

Kadapa district YSR Kadapa district is one of the twenty six districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. In the 2022 reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts, the district boundary was largely restricted to the Kadapa parliamentary constituency area. ...

and

Annamayya district Annamayya district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, established in 2022. Rayachoti serves as the district's administrative headquarters, while Madanapalle is the most populous city in the district. Etym ...

to the west,

Prakasam district Prakasam district is one of the twelve districts in the coastal Andhra region of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed in 1970 and reorganised on 4 April 2022. The headquarters of the district is ...

to the north, and

Tirupati district Tirupati district () is one of the eight districts of Rayalaseema region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.The district headquarters is located at Tirupati city. This district is known for its numerous historic temples, including the Hindu ...

to the south.

Etymology

The name of the district is derived from the name of the district headquarters, Nellore. The city was historically known as Vikrama Simhapuri until the 13th century, when it became known as Nellore. The name "Nellore" originates from a mythological story in the Sthala Purana, which depicts a lingam in the form of a stone under a Phyllanthus emblica (amla), or nelli tree. According to this myth, the place gradually became known as "Nelli-ooru" (nelli referring to the amla tree and ooru meaning "place" in both Tamil and Telugu). Over time, the name evolved to the present-day "Nellore," reflecting the area's historical and cultural significance. The name is also linked to the Tamil word "நெல்லு" (nellu), meaning "paddy" or "rice," highlighting the region's long-standing association with rice cultivation. The official name of Nellore was changed to Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District (SPS Nellore) on 4 June 2008, in honour of the Indian revolutionary Potti Sri Ramulu, who died fasting in an attempt to achieve the formation of a separate state for the Telugu people, which would later become Andhra Pradesh.

History

The Nawabs and the British period

After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was ruled by the Nawabs. During the eighteenth century, Nellore saw wars between Najeebullah, the ruler of the area, and his brother Arcot Nawab, who received support from the British and French. Nawab's army, under the command of colonel Caillaud, took over the Nellore fort in 1762. For the purposes of revenue collection, the town of Nellore and the surrounding district were handed over to the

British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

in 1781 and 1801, respectively. Nellore was named the revenue unit for the district.

Post Indian Independence

In 1970, the northern parts of Nellore district were transferred to the newly created

On 4 April 2022 Some areas from Southern parts of Nellore district were transferred to newly created

Education

In the undivided Nellore district, as per the school information report for the academic year 2017–18, there are a total of 4,489 schools. These include: 21 government, 3,140 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1,077 private, 10 model, 10

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya or KGBV is a residential girls’ secondary school run by the Government of India for the weaker sections in India. History The plan was introduced by the Government of India in August 2004. It was then integr ...

(KGBV), 106 municipal and 123 other types of schools. The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 3,95,092.

Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of Nellore district is crore (304.82 billion rupees) and makes up 5.8% of Andhra Pradesh's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the fiscal year 2013–14, Nellore's

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such ...

at current prices was . The

primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Work ...

, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute crore, crore and crore (97.29 billion, 63.2 billion and 144.33 billion rupees), respectively. The major agricultural contributors to the district's

gross value added In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and service (economics), services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "The ''gross value added'' is the Value of output (economy), value of output minus t ...

(GVA) include: paddy,

sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...

lemon The lemon (''Citrus'' × ''limon'') is a species of small evergreen tree in the ''Citrus'' genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some ...

tomato The tomato (, ), ''Solanum lycopersicum'', is a plant whose fruit is an edible Berry (botany), berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originate ...

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of lactating mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfeeding, breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. ...

meat Meat is animal Tissue (biology), tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted and farmed other animals for meat since prehistory. The Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of vertebrates, including chickens, sheep, ...

and

fisheries Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place ( a.k.a., fishing grounds). Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farm ...

. The major industrial and service contributors to the district's GVA include:

construction Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the a ...

electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwel ...

manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer ...

transport Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional Motion, movement of humans, animals, and cargo, goods from one location to another. Mode of transport, Modes of transport include aviation, air, land tr ...

and

education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ...

Mining

Nellore district produces most of the crude

mica Micas ( ) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as ''perfect basal cleavage''. Mica is co ...

in India. Between 2011 and 2012, Nellore produced 1,784 tonnes of crude mica, the majority of India's total production of 1,899 tonnes.

Epigraphical records

In Nellore district, there exist a variety of Telugu inscriptions originating from several different kingdoms. Tamil inscriptions also exist near the Mallam Subramanyeshwara Swamy temple, which was constructed by Rajendhra Chola during the fourteenth century.

Geography

Located in the

region in

and also a

Tondai Nadu Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam, also known as Toṇḍai Nāḍu, is a historical region located in the northernmost part of Tamil Nadu and southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh. Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam was divided into 24 ''kottam''s — smaller district ...

region, the district is bordered by the

to the east,

and

to the west,

to the north, and

to the south.

Climate

Maximum temperature occur during the summer at , while the minimum temperature occurs during the winter at . The average annual rainfall of the district is , and reaches its peak during the southwest and northeast

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...

Demographics

Nellore district has a population of 24,69,712, of which 705,893 (28.58%) lived in urban areas based on the 2011 Census. It has a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5,04,941 (20.45%) and 2,15,452 (8.72%) of the population respectively. Based on the 2011 census, 88.34% of the population spoke Telugu and 9.56%

Tamil Tamil may refer to: People, culture and language * Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia **Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka ** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...

as their first language. 88.71% of people follow Hinduism while 10.73% of people follow Islam.

Administrative divisions

Mandals

The following lists the 38 mandals in Nellore district by their revenue division. # Atmakur revenue division ## Ananthasagaram ## Anumasamudrampeta ## Atmakur ## Chejerla ## Kaluvoya ## Marripadu ## Sangam ##

Seetharamapuram Seetharamapuram is a village and a mandal in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-l ...

## Udayagiri # Kandukur revenue division ## Gudluru ## Kandukur ## Kondapuram ## Lingasamudram ## Ulavapadu ## Varikuntapadu ## Voletivaripalem # Kavali revenue division ## Allur ## Bogole ## Dagadarthi ## Duttalur ## Jaladanki ## Kaligiri ##

Kavali Kavali is a town in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh of India. It also serves as headquarters of Kavali mandal and Kavali revenue division.It is one of the few cities from Andhra Pradesh which were selected for Atal Mission for Rejuvenation a ...

## Kodavalur ## Vidavalur ## Vinjamur # Nellore revenue division ## Buchireddipalem ## Indukurpet ## Kovur ## Manubolu ## Muthukur ## Nellore Rural ## Nellore Urban ## Podalakur ## Rapur ## Sydapuram ## Thotapalli Gudur ## Venkatachalam

Politics

Parliament segments

Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency) Nellore Lok Sabha constituency is one of the twenty-five List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25), Lok Sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India. It comprises seven assembly segments and belongs to Nellore district. As ...

* Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)(partial).

Assembly constituency

The district has the following Legislative Assembly segments: The district has four revenue divisions namely Kandukuru, Kavali, Atmakur and Nellore. These revenue divisions are divided into 38

mandal A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative c ...

s, which consist of 1,177

villages A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban village ...

and 12 towns (urban settlements). A total of 940 gram panchayats exist in the district. The statutory towns consist of one

municipal corporation Municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. The term can also be used to describe municipally o ...

(Nellore) and Three

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

(Atmakur ,Kavali and Kandukur).

Cities and towns

The district has one municipal corporation at Nellore and three municipalities at Kavali, Kandukur and Atmakur.

Transport

Road

NH 16, NH 67, NH 565 are the national highways that pass through the district.

Rail

Gudur - Vijayawada railway line passes through the district.

Nellore Airport

Nellore Airport is a proposed

greenfield airport A greenfield airport is an aviation facility with greenfield project characteristics. The designation reflects certain environmental qualities (using previously undeveloped or empty greenfield land, for example) and commissioning, planning and cons ...

project near Dagadarthi,

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, intended to serve the Nellore district. The airport is to be developed on of land with an estimated cost of .

Planning

In 2008, the government of Andhra Pradesh invited for expressions of interest to develop eight minor airports in the state, including an airport at Nellore. Each airport was expected to cost . The airports were to be built in with a runway length of . The construction of this airport was chosen because Nellore is strategically situated between Vijayawada and Chennai, and Krishnapatnam Port is situated about from the city. However, AAI has rejected this proposal citing insufficient land available for the construction of the airport. In 2013, Ministry of Civil Aviation had identified Nellore airport as one of the 50 locations across the country for low-cost airports to be built by the AAI. These airports would be built with bare minimum facilities for aircraft to operate, without compromising on safety and security. In September 2017, the government of Andhra Pradesh solicited proposals for development of a no-frills

at Dagadarthi under a public-private partnership. The development proposal by SCL-Turbo Consortium Pvt. Ltd. was accepted, along with the associated draft concession agreement and financial stipulations. The Arafath Group and ADP Ingénierie was to construct and operate the airport. SCL Turbo has formed a

special purpose vehicle A special-purpose entity (SPE), also called a special-purpose vehicle (SPV) or a financial vehicle corporation (FVC), is a legal entity (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited partnership) created to fulfill narrow, speci ...

(SPV) Nellore International Airport Private Limited for the construction.

Construction

The airport was to be developed on of land with an estimated cost of . The project had received all clearances and approvals from various agencies. As per the agreement, the financial closure for the project was to be achieved by December 2018. On January 26, 2018, during his

Republic Day Republic Day is the name of a holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they became republics. List January 1 January in Slovak Republic The day of creation of Slovak republic. A national holiday since 1993. Officially calle ...

speech, the

District Collector The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territo ...

R. Mutyala Raju announced that the acquisition of land for the airport was nearly completed. The foundation stone was laid by then Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu on January 10, 2019. However, the

YSR Congress Party The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (, YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian Regionalism (politics), regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registere ...

led government, which was elected in May that year, moved to review all the major decisions taken by the previous government. In August 2019, the new government terminated its contract with Nellore International Airport Private Limited to develop the airport. The government said it would complete the project by handing the airport over to the AAI. In July 2020, the government formally scrapped the concession agreement signed with the SCL Turbo consortium. Later in November same year, the government has invited fresh bids from national and international companies for the construction of the airport. After the government approved the report on Dec 21st 2021, It's expected that the first phase work could start as soon as April 2022.

Tourism

Talpagiri Ranganathaswamy temple in Nellore is situated on the banks of the river Pennar. It is more than 600 years old. Translation of Maha Bharatam was said to be done by the poet Tikkana based at this place. Lord Narasimha appears as a huge of rock in ‘Yoga mudra' in Penchalakona. The deity is known as Somasila Narasimhaswamy. It is one of the Nava Narasimhas (nine manifestations). Chengalamma Parameswari temple lies in the village of Sullurpeta. It was built on the banks of the Kanlangi river. Chengalamma Jatara is celebrated here. Somasila dam on Pennar river, Kandaleru dam on Kandaleru river are popular with tourists. Udayagiri Fort at a height of 3079 feet is in ruins. Ranganatha temple, Balakrishna mandiram, Paruveta Mandapam, Chinna Masjid and pedda Masjid reflect the various culture of the rulers. Mypadu Beach, Koduru Beach () are popular beaches in the district.

Notable people

Among the politicians,

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (; 5 September 188817 April 1975; natively Radhakrishna) was an Indian academician, philosopher and statesman who served as the President of India from 1962 to 1967. He previously served as the vice president of ...

rose to position of

President of India The president of India (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, and the commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the Indian Armed ...

and

Vice President of India The vice president of India (ISO: ) is the deputy to the head of state of the Republic of India, i.e. the president of India. The office of vice president is the second-highest constitutional office after the president and ranks second in t ...

and

Venkaiah Naidu Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (born 1 July 1949) is an Indian politician who served as the vice president of India from 2017 to 2022. He has also served as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, minister of Housing and Urban Pover ...

rose to the position of

Bezawada Gopala Reddy Bezawada Gopala Reddy (5 August 1907 – 9 March 1997) was an Indian freedom fighter, writer and politician. He was the Chief Minister of the erstwhile Indian state, Andhra State from 1955 to 1956 and later served as the Governor of Uttar Prade ...

and N. Janardhana Reddy worked as chief ministers of unified

. Puchalapalli Sundarayya was one of the founding members of the

Communist Party of India (Marxist) The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a Communism in India, communist List of political parties in India, political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electora ...

. S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. S. Reddy

Singeetam Srinivasa Rao Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (born 21 September 1931) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, composer, and actor. He is widely regarded as one of India's most versatile and innovative filmmakers. He has directed around sixty films across ...

, A. Kodandarami Reddy and Vanisri are some of the famous people of film industry. Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, T. Subbarami Reddy, Malli Mastan Babu, Ashwin Hebbar are also some of the popular personalities from other domains.

References

Books

External links

Official website

{{Authority control 2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh Districts of Andhra Pradesh