SMS Tiger (1899)

SMS ''Tiger'' was the third member of the of gunboats built for the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The ships were built to modernize the German gunboat force that was used to patrol the German colonial empire. They were ordered in three groups of two ships, each pair incorporating design improvements. ''Tiger'', along with , was armed with a main battery of two guns, had a top speed of , and could cruise for more than .

After entering service in 1900, ''Tiger'' was sent to the Far East to join the East Asia Squadron based in Qingdao, China. The ship spent much of her career cruising in the waters of the Far East. She did not participate in any fighting during the Boxer Uprising in China in 1900–1901, and instead patrolled the Yellow Sea. In early 1904, after the start of the Russo-Japanese War, the ship was used to evacuate Germans from Incheon, Korea, to avoid the fighting taking place in the country. During the Xinhai Revolution in China in 1911–1912, ''Tiger'' went to several cities to ensure the fighting did not affect Germans living in them. After the start of World War I in July 1914, ''Tiger'' was disarmed; her guns and part of her crew were used to equip the steamer as an auxiliary cruiser. ''Tiger'' was subsequently scuttled during the Siege of Qingdao in October 1914.

Design

The German (Imperial Navy) abandoned gunboat construction for more a decade after , launched in 1887. By the mid-1890s, the navy began planning to begin replacing the older vessels of the and es by the end of the 1890s, but the loss of the gunboat necessitated an immediate replacement, which was added to the 1898 naval budget. The new ship was planned to patrol the German colonial empire; requirements included engines powerful enough for the ship to steam up the Yangtze in China, where the new gunboat was intended to be deployed. Six ships were built in three identical pairs.

''Tiger'' was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced as designed and at full load. The ship had a raised forecastle deck and a straight stem. Her superstructure consisted primarily of a conning tower with an open bridge atop it. She had a crew of 9 officers and 121 enlisted men.

Her propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal triple-expansion steam engines each driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by four coal-fired Thornycroft boilers. Exhaust was vented through two funnels located amidships. ''Tiger'' could steam at a top speed of at . The ship had a cruising radius of about at a speed of .

''Tiger'' was armed with a main battery of two SK L/40 guns, with 482 rounds of ammunition. One was placed on the forecastle and the other at the stern. She also carried six Maxim guns. The only armor protection carried by the ship was of steel plate on the conning tower.

Service history

''Tiger'' was laid down at the (Imperial Shipyard) in Danzig under the contract name in November 1898. She was launched on 15 August 1899, and at the launching ceremony, she was christened after the earlier gunboat by the director of the shipyard, (Captain at Sea) Curt von Prittwitz und Gaffron. She was commissioned into active service on 3 April 1900 to begin sea trials. Testing was completed quickly, and already on 31 May, ''Tiger'' was deemed ready to deploy to East Asia. She moved to Kiel for final fitting out that lasted from 2 to 6 June, and then sailed to the North Sea, where on 16 June she was inspected by Kaiser Wilhelm II in the mouth of the Elbe river. The next day, she sailed for the Far East.

''Tiger'' stopped in numerous European ports along the way, and in Port Said, Egypt, she met the armored cruiser , which was also on her way to East Asian waters. The two ships thereafter cruised together, stopping in Perim at the southern end of the Red Sea to replenish coal stocks from 21 to 23 July. ''Tiger'' ran aground off Obock, French Somaliland, and had to be pulled free by a tugboat from Djibouti. ''Tiger'' was not seriously damaged in the accident, but she nevertheless sailed back north to Aden to take on coal before continuing her voyage.

East Asia Squadron

1900–1904

''Tiger'' eventually arrived in Chinese waters in late August; she stopped initially in Xiamen and Shantou between 30 August and 12 September. From there, she sailed to Hong Kong to be dry docked in Kowloon to have the damage from her grounding repaired. She thereafter sailed to Guangzhou, where she lay from 6 to 10 October. ''Tiger'' finally arrived in Qingdao in the Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory on 22 October; this was a German colony and the main naval base for the German East Asia Squadron in the region. There, she relieved her sister ship on patrol duty in the Yellow Sea. These operations continued as the Boxer Uprising waned, and on 10 February 1901, she was sent to steam up the Yangtze river. She patrolled the lower Yangtze for the next several months, leaving in June to visit Qingdao and then cross the Yellow Sea to visit Incheon, Korea. By mid-July, she had returned to the Yangtze. ''Tiger'' sailed to visit Nagasaki and Uraga, Japan, in December. She ended the year in Hong Kong in company with the cruisers and .

On 2 January 1902, ''Tiger'' embarked the commander of the East Asia Squadron, (VAdm—Vice Admrial) Felix von Bendemann, for a trip to Siam to visit King Chulalongkorn in Bangkok from 13 to 19 January. After returning Bendemann, ''Tiger'' spent the next several months touring south and central Chinese ports. During this period, in May, (Corvette Captain) Friedrich Schrader arrived to take command of the ship. From mid-July to mid-August, she cruised in the Bohai Sea, before returning to southern Chinese waters through much of the rest of the year. At the end of 1902, she made another trip to Bangkok. The year 1903 passed uneventfully; ''Tiger'' visited numerous Chinese ports along the country's entire coast but otherwise saw little activity of note. While visiting Guangzhou, she was inspected by the new squadron commander, VAdm Richard Geissler. In September, Schrader was replaced by (Captain Lieutenant) Deimling.

Following the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in February 1904, ''Tiger'' sailed to Incheon to observe events and be available to evacuate German nationals if the need arose. After Japanese troops landed in the area later that month, she assisted in the evacuation of Germans from the city. Beginning in early March, she conducted surveys of the coastline and rivers in the area around Qingdao. In August, the badly damaged Russian battleship and three destroyers sought refuge in the German naval base at Qingdao following the Russian defeat in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. As Germany was neutral, the East Asia Squadron interned ''Tsesarevich'' and the destroyers. On 13 August, the Russian ships restocked their coal supplies from three British steamers, but ''Fürst Bismarck'' and the protected cruiser cleared for action to prevent them from leaving the port. The two cruisers were joined by ''Tiger'' and her sister and the cruisers ''Hertha'' and . On 23 August, ''Tiger'' joined the unsuccessful search for an officer from the (Admiralty Staff) who had gone missing.

1905–1914

''Tiger'' resumed routine patrols off the coast of China in 1905, and the year passed largely uneventfully. While the ship was undergoing periodic maintenance in Shanghai, China, Deimling died on 20 November. On 15 December, ''Tiger'' returned to Incheon to embark the German ambassador to Korea, since the German consulate was being dissolved following Japan's conquest of the country in the war with Russia. The ship returned to Shanghai four days later. There, unrest had broken out against foreigners, so ''Tiger'' and the gunboat sent landing parties ashore, along with detachments from the warships of other navies, to protect their countries' nationals in the city. ''Jaguar'' was also sent to reinforce the German contingent. The situation had calmed by 30 January 1906, allowing ''Tiger'' to leave the city. She spent the rest of the year patrolling the coast of China without incident.

On 12 January 1907, ''Tiger'' joined ''Fürst Bismarck'' for a tour of the Far East to familiarize the new squadron commander, VAdm  Alfred Breusing, with the region; the ships sailed as far south as the Dutch East Indies. ''Tiger'' had returned to Shanghai by mid-March, where she underwent repairs from 15 March to 15 May. The rest of the year passed uneventfully, as in previous years. ''Tiger'' saw little activity of note in 1908 as well. In June that year, KK  Richard Ackermann arrived to take command of the ship. In early 1909, ''Tiger'' repeated her cruise to the Dutch East Indies, once again in company of ''Fürst Bismarck''. The rest of the year, along with 1910 and most of 1911, passed in the same routine of port visits and annual repair periods, with little else of note transpiring.

The ship lay at Chongqing on the Yangtze when the Xinhai Revolution broke out on 10 October 1911. She was sent down the Yangtze to Hankou to protect foreign nationals in the city. There, she met her sister , which had the squadron commander (VAdm Günther von Krosigk) aboard. Krosigk took command of the forces in the area and formed an international landing party from the warships in the city; the German contingent was strengthened by the arrival of the light cruiser soon thereafter. The international quarter of the city did not come under attack, however, and the men remained aboard their ships. In early November, ''Tiger'' was sent to Nanjing, but her presence there was not necessary, and by mid-December, she had been sent back to Qingdao. She spent the first four months of 1912 cruising in southern Chinese waters, after which she returned to northern ports. She did not intervene in any city, as the revolution against the Qing government quickly prevailed. On 17 November, she returned to Qingdao for a thorough overhaul that lasted until the end of January 1913. She thereafter resumed patrols along the Chinese coast.

''Tiger'' embarked on another cruise through the region with a new squadron commander—this time VAdm Maximilian von Spee aboard the flagship —on 3 January 1914. The tour saw the ships visit Bangkok, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines. Following the voyage, she returned to Qingdao for her annual repair period, and in June, KK  Karl von Bodecker arrived to take command of the ship. She then sailed to Tianjin on the Hai River, where she anchored from 25 June to 1 July. ''Tiger'' arrived back in Qingdao on 4 July and was to return to the Yangtze, but by then news of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne had arrived. Spee cancelled ''Tiger''s orders, awaiting the development of events in Europe. Following the start of World War I in late July, ''Tiger'' was decommissioned and disarmed on 1 August. The guns, and many of her crew, were sent to equip the Norddeutscher Lloyd post steamer so it could be used as an auxiliary cruiser to raid enemy merchant shipping. Japan soon entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente and quickly deployed forces to capture Qingdao; in the final stage of the siege of Qingdao, the shipyard personnel in the harbor detonated scuttling charges aboard ''Tiger'' on 29 October, sinking her in the harbor. Three of her sisters were also scuttled during the siege.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger
1899 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Iltis-class gunboats
World War I naval ships of Germany
Maritime incidents in September 1914
Scuttled vessels of Germany
World War I shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Shipwrecks of China