River Snail

Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.

This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

Distribution

This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from South America.

There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: '' Bellamya'' and ''Neothauma''.

The oldest known vivparid is ''Viviparus langtonensis'' from the Middle Jurassic of England. The oldest records from the Southern Hemisphere is from the Late Jurassic Talbragar fossil beds of Australia.

Taxonomy

The family Viviparidae contains 3 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
* Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
* Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
* Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

Genera

Genera within the family Viviparidae include:

subfamily Viviparinae Gray, 1847
* '' Galizgia'' Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
* † ''Kosovia'' Atanacković, 1959
* '' Rivularia'' Heude, 1890
* '' Trochopaludina'' Starobogatov, 1985
* '' Tulotoma'' Haldeman, 1840
* '' Viviparus'' Montfort, 1810 - type genus

subfamily Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937
* '' Amuropaludina'' Moskvicheva, 1979
* '' Angulyagra'' Rao, 1931(file created 29 July 2010
FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA
11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
* '' Anulotaia'' Brandt, 1968
* ''Anularya'' Zhang & Chen, 2015
* † '' Apameaus'' Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006 This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species '' Apameaus apameae'' Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
* '' Bellamya'' Jousseame, 1886 - type genus of the subfamily
* '' Boganmargarya'' Thach, 2018
* ''Cipangopaludina'' Hannibal, 1912
* ''Eyriesia'' P. Fischer, 1885
* '' Filopaludina'' Habe, 1964
* ''Heterogen'' Annandale, 1921 - with the only species '' Heterogen longispira'' (E. A. Smith, 1886)
* '' Idiopoma'' Pilsbry, 1901
* '' Larina'' Adams, 1851
* '' Margarya'' Nevill, 1877
* ''Mekongia'' Crosse & Fischer, 1876
* '' Neclarina'' Iredale, 1943
* '' Notopala'' Cotton, 1935River Snail (''Notopala sublineata'')
accessed 26 September 2010
* ''Sinotaia'' Haas, 1939
* '' Taia'' Annandale, 1918
* † '' Temnotaia'' Annandale, 1919
* ''Tchangmargarya'' He, 2013
* '' Torotaia'' Haas, 1939
* '' Trochotaia'' Brandt, 1974

subfamily Lioplacinae Gill, 1863
* '' Campeloma'' Rafinesque, 1819
* '' Lioplax'' Troschel, 1856

subfamily ?
* † '' Albianopalin'' Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002Hamilton-Bruce R. J., Smith B. J. & Gowlett-Holmes K. L. (2002). "Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of viviparid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Viviparidae) from the Early Cretaceous (middle-late Albian) Griman Creek Formation of Lightning Ridge, northern New South Wales". '' Records of the South Australian Museum'' 35': 193–203
PDF
/ref> - from Albian, New South Wales
* ''Neothauma'' E. A. Smith, 1880Brown D. S. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance''. Taylor & Francis. .
* '' Siamopaludina'' Brandt, 1968

;Genera brought into synonymy:
* ''Centrapala'' Cotton, 1935: synonym of '' Larina'' A. Adams, 1855
* ''Contectiana'' Bourguignat, 1880: synonym of '' Viviparus'' Montfort, 1810
* ''Eularina'' Iredale, 1943: synonym of '' Larina'' A. Adams, 1855
* subfamily † Kosoviinae Atanacković, 1959: synonym of Viviparidae Gray, 1847
* ''Lecythoconcha'' Annandale, 1920: synonym of ''Cipangopaludina'' Hannibal, 1912
* ''Metohia'' Popović, 1964 : (junior homonym, no replacement name available in 2014)
* ''Notopalena'' Iredale, 1943: synonym of '' Notopala'' Cotton, 1935
* ''Paludina'' Férussac, 1812: synonym of '' Viviparus'' Montfort, 1810
* ''Siamopaludina'' Brandt, 1968 : synonym of ''Filopaludina (Siamopaludina)'' Brandt, 1968 represented as '' Filopaludina'' Habe, 1964
* ''Vivipara'' : synonym of '' Viviparus'' Montfort, 1810

Life cycle

Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.

References

Further reading

* Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' 81(4): 435–441. .
* Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". ''Shell Discoveries'' 1(3): 3-12.

External links

Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, ''Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda)''; PLOS, One, July 25, 2017
*

{{Authority control

Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Gastropod families