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Rinchinbal (
Although Tugh Temür had a son named
Mongolian
Mongolian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Mongolia, a country in Asia
* Mongolian people, or Mongols
* Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the government of Mongolia, 1911–1919 and 1921–1924
* Mongolian language
* Mongolian alphabet
* ...
: Ринчинбал , ; ), also known by his temple name
Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship. The practice of honoring monarchs with temple names began during the Shang dynasty in China and had since been adopted by other dynas ...
as the Emperor Ningzong of Yuan (; May 1, 1326 – December 14, 1332), was a son of Kuśala (Emperor Mingzong) who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
of China, but died soon after he was installed to the throne. Apart from Emperor of China
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" () was the superlative title held by the monarchs of imperial China's various dynasties. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the " Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandat ...
, he is also considered the 14th Great Khan
Khagan or Qaghan ( Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of imperial ...
of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...
, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire.
Biography
He was the second son of Kuśala (Emperor Mingzong) and a younger brother of Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong). His mother wasBabusha
Babusha (, died 1330) was a Naiman empress consort of the Yuan dynasty, married to the Khutughtu Khan (Emperor Mingzong).
She was born to Princess Shouning, who was the niece of Chengzong. She married Khutughtu Khan before he became emperor.
Sh ...
of the Naiman tribe, who met Kusala when he lived in exile in Central Asia
Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...
under the Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol and later Turkification, Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the l ...
.
When his father Kuśala died and was succeeded by his younger brother Tugh Temür
A ''tug'' ( , , or ) or sulde (, ) is a pole with circularly arranged horsetail hairs of varying colors arranged at the top. It was historically flown by Turkic tribal confederations such as the Duolu (Tuğluğ Confederation) and also duri ...
(who is thought to have poisoned Kuśala), Rinchinbal was appointed to Prince of Fu. Tugh Temur made his son Aratnadara heir apparent in January 1331. In order to secure her son's throne, Tugh Temur's Khatun
Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a Khan (title), khan or a khagan of the Göktürks, Turkic Khaganates and in the subsequent Mongol Empire.
Etymology and history
Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of ...
Budashiri
Budashiri or Buddhashiri (Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠢᠰᠢᠷᠢ, , Sinicized as ''Putashali'', ) (c. 1307 – c. 1340) was Empress of China and Khatun of Mongols as the wife of Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. She acted as an interim regent and was the p ...
executed Rinchinbal's mother, Babusha, and exiled Toghan Temur Toghan () may refer to:
Places
* Tughan-e Baba Gorgor, Kurdistan Province, Iran
* Toghan, Mazandaran, Iran
* Toghan, Tehran, Iran
People
* Toghon (son of Kublai), or Toghan, Togon, who led Mongol armies into Burma and Vietnam
* Toghon Temür (1320 ...
to Korea
Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
. These proved unnecessary, however, Aratnadara died one month after his designation as heir.Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, p. 557.
Although Tugh Temür had a son named El Tegüs
EL, El or el may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional entities
* El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit
* Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things''
* El, fami ...
when he died in 1332, it is said that on his deathbed the Khagan expressed remorse for what he had done to his elder brother and his intention to pass the throne to Toghan Temur, Kusala's eldest son, instead of his own son. The grand councilor El Temür
El Temür (; Mongolian:; died 1333) was an ethnic Kipchak official of the Yuan dynasty. He was behind the coup d'état that installed Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong) as Yuan emperor in the capital Khanbaliq in 1328. The restorationists at Khanbal ...
resisted letting Kuśala's eldest son Toghun Temür accede to the throne since he was suspected of having poisoned his father Kuśala. When Tugh Temur's widow and El Tegüs's mother Budashiri Khatun respected Tugh Temür's will of making Kuśala's son succeed the throne, the 6 year old Rinchinbal was chosen. While Toghun Temür was kept far away from the capital Dadu, Rinchinbal was in Dadu and had become favored by Tugh Temür. Rinchinbal was enthroned as the new emperor on October 23, 1332, but he died on December 14.
El Temür again asked Budashiri to install El Tegüs but it was declined again. He had no choice but to invite Toghun Temür back from far-away Guangxi
Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằn ...
Jeremiah Curtin-The Mongols: A history, p. 392. in southwest China.
Ancestry
See also
*List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, proclaimed on 18 December 1271 by Kublai Khan, which succeeded the Southern Song, Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. It also functioned as a continuation of ...
* List of Mongol rulers
The following is a list of Mongol rulers.
The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Before Genghis Khan
*Kaidu (11th century), Kaidu (? – 1100)
*Bashinkhor Dogshin (1100 – ?)
*Tumbinai Kha ...
* List of rulers of China
The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested histor ...
References
Citations
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong Of Yuan Great Khans of the Mongol Empire Emperors of the Yuan dynasty 14th-century Chinese monarchs 14th-century Mongol khans 1326 births 1332 deaths Monarchs who died as children Child monarchs from Asia Yuan dynasty Buddhists Chinese Buddhist monarchs Mongolian Buddhist monarchs