''Rhizobium'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wa ...

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former ...

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were am ...

that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an

endosymbiotic An ''endosymbiont'' or ''endobiont'' is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism most often, though not always, in a mutualistic relationship. (The term endosymbiosis is from the Greek: ἔνδον ''endon'' "within" ...

nitrogen-fixing Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (), with a strong triple covalent bond, in the air is converted into ammonia () or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also in industry. At ...

association with roots of (primarily)

legumes A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock fo ...

and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells within

root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria know ...

s, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogeno ...

using the enzyme

nitrogenase Nitrogenases are enzymes () that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) and rhizobacteria. These enzymes are responsible for the reduction of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). Nitrogenases are the only fam ...

and then provide organic nitrogenous compounds such as

glutamine Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral ...

or ureides to the plant. The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with

organic compound In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon- hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. Th ...

s made by

photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

. This mutually beneficial relationship is true of all of the rhizobia, of which the genus ''Rhizobium'' is a typical example. ''Rhizobium'' is also capable to solubilize phosphorus.

History

Martinus Beijerinck Martinus Willem Beijerinck (, 16 March 1851 – 1 January 1931) was a Dutch microbiologist and botanist who was one of the founders of virology and environmental microbiology. He is credited with the discovery of viruses, which he called "' ...

was the first to isolate and cultivate a

microorganism A microorganism, or microbe,, ''mikros'', "small") and ''organism'' from the el, ὀργανισμός, ''organismós'', "organism"). It is usually written as a single word but is sometimes hyphenated (''micro-organism''), especially in olde ...

from the nodules of legumes in 1888. He named it ''Bacillus radicicola'', which is now placed in ''

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology ''Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology'' is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect. The manual was published subsequent to the ''Bergey's Manu ...

'' under the genus ''Rhizobium''.

Research

''Rhizobium'' forms a symbiotic relationship with certain plants such as legumes, fixing nitrogen from the air into

, which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Current research is being conducted by

Agricultural Research Service The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with ex ...

microbiologists to discover a way to use ''Rhizobium''’s biological nitrogen fixation. This research involves the

genetic mapping Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be sepa ...

of various rhizobial species with their respective symbiotic plant species, like alfalfa or soybean. The goal of this research is to increase the plants’ productivity without using fertilizers. In molecular biology, ''Rhizobium'' has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapure water systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets. The presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as contaminants may be due to the use of nitrogen gas in ultra-pure water production to inhibit microbial growth in storage tanks.

Species

The genus ''Rhizobium'' comprises the following species: * '' Rhizobium acidisoli'' Román-Ponce ''et al''. 2016 * '' Rhizobium aegyptiacum'' Shamseldin ''et al''. 2016 * '' Rhizobium aethiopicum'' Aserse ''et al''. 2017 * '' Rhizobium alamii'' Berge ''et al''. 2009 * "'' Rhizobium album''" Hang ''et al''. 2019 * "'' Rhizobium albus''" Li ''et al''. 2017 * '' Rhizobium altiplani'' Baraúna ''et al''. 2016 * ''

Rhizobium alvei ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Sheu ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium anhuiense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiont, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other fl ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium aquaticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Máthé ''et al''. 2019 * "'' Rhizobium arachis''" Wang et al. 2001 * ''

Rhizobium arenae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2017 * ''

Rhizobium arsenicireducens ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Mohapatra ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium azooxidifex ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Behrendt ''et al''. 2016 * ''

Rhizobium bangladeshense ''Rhizobium bangladeshense'' is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Description ''Rhizobium bangladeshense'' are rod-shaped bacteria which live in soil, particularly on the root nodules of ...

'' Rashid ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium binae ''Rhizobium binae'' is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Description ''Rhizobium binae'' are rod-shaped bacteria found in the soil. They require oxygen and do not form spores. ''Rhizobiu ...

'' Rashid ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium calliandrae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013 * ''

Rhizobium capsici ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Lin ''et al''. 2015 * '' Rhizobium cauense'' Liu ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium cellulosilyticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' García-Fraile ''et al''. 2007 * ''

Rhizobium changzhiense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2021 * ''

Rhizobium chutanense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Huo ''et al''. 2019 * "''

Rhizobium cremeum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Yang et al. 2022 * "''

Rhizobium croatiense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Rajnovic et al. 2022 * "''

Rhizobium deserti ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Liu ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium dioscoreae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant ...

'' Ouyabe ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium ecuadorense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Ribeiro ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium endophyticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' López-López ''et al''. 2010 * ''

Rhizobium esperanzae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Cordeiro ''et al''. 2017 * ''

Rhizobium etli ''Rhizobium etli'' is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorgani ...

'' Segovia ''et al''. 1993 * ''

Rhizobium favelukesii ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Torres Tejerizo ''et al''. 2016 * "''

Rhizobium flavescens ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Su ''et al''. 2021 * ''

Rhizobium freirei ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Dall'Agnol ''et al''. 2013 * ''

Rhizobium gallicum ''Rhizobium gallicum'' is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of ''Phaseolus vulgaris ''Phaseolus vulgaris'', the common bean, is a herbaceous annual plant ...

'' Amarger ''et al''. 1997 * ''

Rhizobium gei ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Shi ''et al''. 2016 * "''

Rhizobium glycinendophyticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Wang ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium grahamii ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' López-López ''et al''. 2011 * ''

Rhizobium hainanense ''Rhizobium hainanense'' is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. Strain CCBAU 57015 (166) is the type strain. References Further reading * * * * External links *LPSN

'' Chen ''et al''. 1997 * ''

Rhizobium halophytocola ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Bibi ''et al''. 2012 * "'' Rhizobium halotolerans''" Diange and Lee 2013 * "''

Rhizobium hedysari ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Casella ''et al.'' 1986 * "''

''" Xu ''et al''. 2017 * "''

Rhizobium hedysarum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Casella et al. 1984 * ''

Rhizobium helianthi ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Wei ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium hidalgonense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiont, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other fl ...

'' Yan ''et al''. 2020 * "''

Rhizobium indicum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Rahi ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium indigoferae ''Rhizobium indigoferae'' is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living" ...

'' Wei ''et al''. 2002 *''

Rhizobium jaguaris ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013 * "''

Rhizobium kunmingense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Shen ''et al''. 2010 * ''

Rhizobium laguerreae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Saïdi ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium leguminosarum ''Rhizobium leguminosarum'' is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from the air. ''R. leguminosarum'' has been very thoroughly studied—it has been the subject ...

'' (Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980) * ''

Rhizobium lemnae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014 * ''

Rhizobium lentis ''Rhizobium lentis'' is a gram-negative bacteria, gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Description ''Rhizobium lentis'' are Bacillus (shape), rod-shaped bacteria found in the soil. They Aerobi ...

'' Rashid ''et al''. 2015 * '' Rhizobium leucaenae'' Ribeiro ''et al''. 2011 * ''

Rhizobium lusitanum ''Rhizobium lusitanum'' is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, specifically nodulating ''Phaseolus vulgaris ''Phaseolus vulgaris'', the common bean, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green, unripe p ...

'' Valverde ''et al''. 2006 * "''Candidatus''

Rhizobium massiliense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

" Greub ''et al''. 2004. * ''

Rhizobium mayense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Rincón-Rosales ''et al''. 2013 * ''

Rhizobium mesoamericanum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant ...

'' López-López ''et al''. 2011 * ''

Rhizobium mesosinicum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Lin ''et al''. 2009 * ''

Rhizobium metallidurans ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Grison ''et al''. 2015 * ''

Rhizobium miluonense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Gu ''et al''. 2008 * ''

Rhizobium mongolense ''Rhizobium mongolense'' is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and lon ...

'' van Berkum ''et al''. 1998 * ''

Rhizobium multihospitium ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Han ''et al''. 2008 * ''

Rhizobium oryzicola ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2015 * "''

Rhizobium oryzihabitans ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Zhao ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium pakistanense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant ...

'' corrig. Khalid ''et al''. 2015 * "''

Rhizobium panacihumi ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Kang ''et al''. 2019 * ''

Rhizobium paranaense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Dall'Agnol ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium phaseoli ''Rhizobium phaseoli'' is a root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with ...

'' Dangeard 1926 (Approved Lists 1980) * "''

Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Wen ''et al''. 2011 * '' Rhizobium pisi'' Ramírez-Bahena ''et al''. 2008 * "''

Rhizobium pongamiae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Kesari ''et al''. 2013 * ''

Rhizobium populi ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiont, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other fl ...

'' Rozahon ''et al''. 2014 * "''

Rhizobium populisoli ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Shen et al. 2021 * ''

Rhizobium puerariae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Boonsnongcheep ''et al''. 2016 * "''

Rhizobium qilianshanense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Xu ''et al''. 2013 * "'' Rhizobium quercicola''" Wang et al. 2022 * "''

Rhizobium redzepovicii ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Rajnovic et al. 2022 * '' Rhizobium rhizogenes'' (Riker ''et al''. 1930) Young ''et al''. 2001 * "''

Rhizobium rhizolycopersici ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

''" Thin ''et al''. 2021 * ''

Rhizobium rhizoryzae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium ruizarguesonis ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Jorrin ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium smilacinae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium soli ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Yoon ''et al''. 2010 * ''

Rhizobium sophorae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Jiao ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium sophoriradicis ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant ...

'' Jiao ''et al''. 2014 * ''

Rhizobium straminoryzae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Lin ''et al''. 2014 * '' Rhizobium sullae'' Squartini ''et al''. 2002 * "''

Rhizobium terrae ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiont, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other fl ...

''" Ruan ''et al''. 2020 * ''

Rhizobium tibeticum ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Hou ''et al''. 2009 * ''

Rhizobium tropici ''Rhizobium tropici'' is a root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with ...

'' Martínez-Romero ''et al''. 1991 * ''

Rhizobium tubonense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Zhang ''et al''. 2011 * ''

Rhizobium tumorigenes ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that nitrogen fixation, fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiont, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other fl ...

'' Kuzmanović ''et al''. 2019 * ''

Rhizobium vallis ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Wang ''et al''. 2011 * ''

Rhizobium viscosum ''Rhizobium viscosum'' is a bacterium species from the genus ''Rhizobium'' which has been isolated from soil from the city airport in Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no ...

'' (Gasdorf ''et al''. 1965) Flores-Félix ''et al''. 2017 * '' Rhizobium wenxiniae'' Gao ''et al''. 2017 * ''

Rhizobium yanglingense ''Rhizobium'' is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ''Rhizobium'' species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants. The bacteria colonize plant cells ...

'' Tan ''et al''. 2001 * '' Rhizobium zeae'' Celador-Lera ''et al''. 2017 Species in "parentheses" have been described, but not validated according to the

Bacteriological Code The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC) governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea.P. H. A. Sneath, 2003. A short histor ...

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical ...

(LPSN). The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.

Notes

References

External links

Current research on ''Rhizobium leguminosarum''
at the Norwich Research Park
Video and commentary on root nodules and Rhizobium in White Clover
{{Authority control Rhizobiaceae Bacteria genera