Rezball

Rezball, short for "reservation ball," which is at times also referred to as "American Indian basketball" is a style of basketball associated with Native Americans. It is particularly known at the high school level in the Southwestern United States, where many of the Indian reservations were created in the country. As rezball has continued to grow and evolve though the years, there has been an added increase in focusing on how native indigenous communities are both positively and negatively impacted by the sport of rezball, such as that of suicide rates, alcohol abuse, challenge to assimilate once outside of reservations.

Description

Rezball is transition-based basketball that forces tempo with aggressive play, quick scoring (or at least shooting) and assertive defense that looks to force turnovers through pressing or half-court traps. There are slight variations from program to program. Many Native Americans learned how to play basketball while they were held in boarding schools by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). In order to make it their own they incorporated relentless running, quick passing, and quick scoring; this led to the creation of rezball. With the creation of rezball there was not only a new found source of competition formed but it also helps bring communities together and helps one another overcome strife while on reservation land.

Origins of Rezball

Native Americans were known to have played a sport that was similar to that of basketball, but were not properly introduced to the sport until they were placed in boarding schools by the BIA. The introduction date is marked as having taken place in the late 18th-century early 19th century.

Importance of Rezball Within the Native Indigenous Community

Rezball plays a big role in Native American culture, it is a sport that follows generation after generation, this adds to the pressure current players in families feel when competing as they have the unfulfilled aspirations of relatives on their shoulders as well. For most Native Americans rezball/basketball in high school is the furthest they are able to go with competing in the sport in the amateur level, most don't try to competitively play the sport past their high school years. For those who are able to continue to pursue playing the sport, many challenges are presented to them, such as that of getting used to life outside of the reservation and other social challenges such as turning to alcohol abuse.

Schools and Regions Known for Playing Rezball

The Apache, Pueblo and Navajo tribes in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico are home to several high schools. In these areas, basketball is very important. In Arizona, three of the top six largest crowds at a boys' basketball game are rezball games (regardless of school size), with one of the two games tied for the highest-ever attendance being a game between Apache and Navajo schools.

Arizona's Native American largest high school arenas are; The Nash Center (Kayenta, AZ) seats 3,800, The Warrior Pavilion (Tuba City, AZ) seats 4,518, the Ganado Pavilion (Burnside, AZ) seats 5,500, The Wildcat Den (Chinle, AZ) seats 7,510, and the Bee Hółdzil Fighting Scouts Events Center (Fort Defiance, AZ) seats about 6,532. These massive arenas draw large crowds from all around the Navajo Reservation. The border town teams for Arizona that are within the AIA 3A Division are Winslow, Holbrook and Page — which consists mainly of Native Americans. Some other examples of the intense following of basketball in this region were noted in February 2013 by a writer for ''MaxPreps.com'', the high school arm of '' CBSSports.com''. First, early in the month, the Wildcat Den hosted an Arizona Interscholastic Association (AIA) sectional tournament featuring four boys' and four girls' reservation teams. Even though neither Chinle High team participated in the sectional, more than 12,000 attended over the two-day event, with hundreds of fans arriving hours before the doors opened to get the best seats. The scheduling of the AIA's state tournament later that month at the venue then known as Jobing.com Arena in Glendale, home to the NHL's Arizona Coyotes, also reflected rezball influence. In most states that host multiple state championship games at one site, the last game scheduled is the boys' championship game in the largest enrollment class. Here, however, the marquee slot was reserved for the girls' title game in Class 3A (the state's largest schools are in Class 5A)—a classification that has traditionally been dominated by reservation schools.

New Mexico has produced many high schools that are nationally ranked by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) according to the New Mexico Activities Association ( NMAA)--for producing over 100 State Championships combined, from numerous high schools. New Mexico functions each year on building tradition in basketball for both boys and girls. The big gyms in New Mexico from the Native American high schools are the Bronco Arena at Kirtland Central High School (Kirtland, NM) seats over 4,000, the Chieftain Pit at Shiprock High School (Shiprock, NM) seats 3,100, and the Pueblo Pavilion Santa Fe Indian School (Santa Fe, NM) seats 4,500. Both Shiprock and Kirtland Central have a unique glass going around the court. The border town teams for New Mexico are Kirtland Central, Gallup, and Santa Fe Indian—which consists mainly of Native Americans. New Mexico is well known around the country for its power houses in girls basketball such as from Kirtland Central, Shiprock, Gallup, Santa Fe Indian, Navajo Prep and Navajo Pine. Kirtland Central's girls basketball program leads with the most state championships than any other Native American high school. Shiprock has also impacted girls basketball and being major rivals with Kirtland Central. Gallup girls basketball program has been one of the most power houses in New Mexico, playing at a fierce level among larger/competitive high schools in New Mexico. Santa Fe Indian girls program has produced some great talents in the recent years along with Navajo Prep and Navajo Pine both have risen to many achievements. The New Mexico high school state finals takes place at The Pit on the University of New Mexico campus, and has had major sell outs starting from the late 80's from games between Shiprock and Kirtland Central girls. Many Native American fans from Gallup, Shiprock, Kirtland Central, Laguna Acoma and Santa Fe Indian continue to fill The Pit every year.

While the Native American basketball phenomenon is most pronounced in the Four Corners region, it is not limited to that area. For example, when the girls' team from the reservation high school of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians reached the final of the Class 3A state tournament in 2017 (which they won), about 5,000 fans traveled from the reservation to Jackson for the game.

High schools

Arizona

Cibecue High School, Cibecue, Arizona

Shonto Preparatory Technology High School, Shonto, Arizona

St. Michael High School, St. Michaels, Arizona

Salt River High School, Scottsdale, Arizona

Rough Rock High School, Rough Rock, Arizona

Baboquivari High School, Sells, Arizona

Red Mesa High School, Teec Nos Pos, Arizona

San Carlos High School, San Carlos, Arizona

Piñon High School, Piñon, Arizona

Valley High School, Sanders, Arizona

Greyhills Academy High School, Tuba City, Arizona

Hopi Junior/Senior High School, Keams Canyon, Arizona

Many Farms High School, Many Farms, Arizona

Alchesay High School, Whiteriver, Arizona

Ganado High School, Ganado, Arizona

Holbrook High School, Holbrook, Arizona

Winslow High School, Winslow, Arizona

Window Rock High School, Fort Defiance, Arizona

River Valley High School, Mohave Valley, Arizona

Tuba City High School, Tuba City, Arizona

Monument Valley High School, Kayenta, Arizona

Chinle High School, Chinle, Arizona

Page High School, Page, Arizona
Rock Point High School
Rock Point, Arizona

Fort Thomas High School, Fort Thomas, Arizona

New Mexico

Laguna-Acoma High School
Laguna, New Mexico

Santa Fe Indian High School, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Magdalena High School
Magdalena, New Mexico

Tsé Yí Gai High School, Smith Lake, New Mexico
Jemez Valley High School
Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico

Pine Hill High School, Pinehill, New Mexico

Navajo Pine High School, Navajo, New Mexico

Navajo Prep High School. Farmington, New Mexico
Dulce High School
Dulce, New Mexico

Ramah High School, Ramah, New Mexico

Newcomb High School, Newcomb, New Mexico

Crownpoint High School, Crownpoint, New Mexico

Zuni High School, Zuni, New Mexico

Wingate High School, Fort Wingate, New Mexico

Rehoboth High School, Rehoboth, New Mexico

Tohatchi High School, Tohatchi, New Mexico

Thoreau High School, Thoreau, New Mexico

Bloomfield High School, Bloomfield, New Mexico

Shiprock Northwest High School, Shiprock, New Mexico

Shiprock High School, Shiprock, New Mexico

Kirtland Central High School, Kirtland, New Mexico

Miyamura High School, Gallup, New Mexico

Gallup High School, Gallup, New Mexico

Piedra Vista High School, Farmington, New Mexico

Farmington High School, Farmington, New Mexico

Aztec High School, Aztec, New Mexico

Native American Community Academy, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Elsewhere

Cherokee High School, Cherokee, North Carolina.

Sherman Indian High School, Riverside, California

Wyoming Indian High School, Ethete, Wyoming

Whitehorse High School, Montezuma Creek, Utah
Ignacio High School
Ignacio, Colorado

Monument Valley High School, Monument Valley, Utah

Navajo Mountain High School, Navajo Mountain, Utah
Uintah River High School
Duchesne, Utah

Native American Basketball Invitational (NABI)

Co-founded in 2003 by Mark West/former Phoenix Suns player, the late Scott Podleski/Arizona Rattlers and GinaMarie Scarpa/former Executive Director AC Green Youth Foundation (named for AC Green/NBA Iron Man).
Every year the NABI Foundation host th
Native American Basketball Invitational
(NABI) in Arizona, an all native tournament sponsored b
Nike N7
many Native American tribes, the Phoenix Suns organization and Phoenix Mercury organization. In its 17th year, it has become recognized as the premier all Native youth tournament in the world and made history in 2007 as the first all Native tournament sanctioned by the NCAA after NABI Foundation President & CEO GinaMarie Scarpa insisted the NCAA respect Tribal Sovereignty and exempt the tournament from abiding to their "same state rule". The tournament hosts 128+ teams from all over the U.S., Canada and New Zealand, and is instrumental in showcasing the talent of the players to college recruiters, most of whom would not travel to the remote reservation towns to recruit.

References

External links

{{Portal, Sports
Native American Basketball Invitational website
*http://www.nmact.org/
*http://www.aiaonline.org/

Forms of basketball
Native American sports and games
Basketball in Arizona
Basketball in New Mexico
Basketball in California
Basketball in Wyoming
Basketball in Utah
Basketball in Colorado