''Retroculus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
cichlid
Cichlids ()
are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with on ...
s native to
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
, where three are native to rivers in southeastern
Amazon Basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries ...
in
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
, while the final is native to rivers in
Amapá
Amapá (; ) is one of the 26 federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil. It is in the North Region, Brazil, North Region of Brazil. It is Federative units of Brazil#List, the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area ...
(Brazil) and
French Guiana
French Guiana, or Guyane in French, is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies. Bordered by Suriname to the west ...
.
[ It is the sole genus included in the subfamily Retroculinae, although some authorities classify this as a ]tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
, Retroculini, of the subfamily Cichlinae
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the Cichlidae, cichlid family, native to Centra America, Central and South America.
This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the ...
.rheophilic
A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water.
Examples of rheophilic animals
Insects
*Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive.
*'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeroptera ...
cichlids are superficially similar to ''Geophagus
''Geophagus'' is a genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America as far south as Argentina and Uruguay, but a single species, ''G. crassilabris'' is from Panama.Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantin ...
''.[
]
Species
Four recognized species are in this genus:[Landim, M.I., Moreira, C.R. & Figueiredo, C.A. (2015): ''Retroculus acherontos'', a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin. ''Zootaxa, 3973 (2): 369-380.'']
* '' Retroculus lapidifer'' ( Castelnau, 1855)
* '' Retroculus septentrionalis'' J. P. Gosse, 1971
* '' Retroculus xinguensis'' J. P. Gosse, 1971
References
Cichlid fish of Brazil
Freshwater fish genera
Cichlid genera
Taxa named by Carl H. Eigenmann
Taxa named by William L. Bray
{{Cichlinae-stub