genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
. Within the family, it is a member of the
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Cinchonoideae
Cinchonoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 1700 species in 10 tribes.
Tribes
* Chiococceae Benth. & Hook.f.
* Cinchoneae DC.
* Guettardeae DC.
* Hamelieae A.Rich. ex DC.
* Hymenodictyeae ...
and the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
Cinchoneae
The Cinchoneae are a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing about 125 species in 9 genera. Representatives are found from Costa Rica to southern tropical America. Species within Cinchoneae are characterized as small trees or ...
.
There are about 36
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
in ''Remijia''. They are
native
Native may refer to:
People
* '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood
* '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth
* Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory
** Nat ...
to
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
and
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. Some of the species have hollow stems that harbor
ant
Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...
s.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.
The bark of ''Remijia'' contains 0.5%–2% of
quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to ''Plasmodium falciparum'' that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal leg ...
, a chemical substance often used as a medicinal
drug
A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Consumption of drugs can be via insufflation (medicine), inhalation, drug i ...
and flavour additive in
tonic water
Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, modern tonic water typically has a significantly lower quinine content and is often more sweetened than the original medic ...
. It is cheaper than the bark of ''
Cinchona
''Cinchona'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the Tropical Andes, tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are ...
'', another source of quinine. Because of its intense flavor, the bark of ''Remijia'' is used in making
tonic water
Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, modern tonic water typically has a significantly lower quinine content and is often more sweetened than the original medic ...
.Henry Hobhouse (2004) ''Šest rostlin, které změnily svět''.
Academia
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
has ever been designated for ''Remijia''. In 2005, two species were transferred from ''Remijia'' to a new genus, ''
Ciliosemina
''Ciliosemina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are two recognized species distributed in South America from the eastern Andes to the Amazon basin.
Species
There are 45 recognised species:
*''
Remijia amazonica
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
Remijia amphithrix
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Standl.
*''
Remijia aracamuniensis
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' (Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor
*''
Remijia argentea
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Steyerm.
*''
Remijia asperula
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Standl.
*''
Remijia berryi
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Steyerm.
*''
Remijia chelomaphylla
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' G.A.Sullivan
*''
Remijia cinchonicarpa
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Sucre
*''
Remijia delascioi
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Som ...
'' Steyerm.
*''
Remijia densiflora
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Some of ...
Remijia longifolia
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Some ...
Remijia macrophylla
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the Tribe (biology), tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are ...
Remijia steyermarkii
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Some ...
Remijia ulei
''Remijia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.
There are about 36 species in ''Remijia''. They are native to Peru and Brazil. Some of ...