reaction ferry

A reaction ferry is a cable ferry that uses the reaction of the current of a river against a fixed tether to propel the vessel across the water. Such ferries operate faster and more effectively in rivers with strong currents.

Some reaction ferries operate using an overhead cable suspended from towers anchored on either bank of the river. Others use a floating cable attached to a single anchorage that may be on one bank or mid-channel. Where an overhead cable is used a "traveller" is usually installed on the cable and the ferry is attached to the traveller by a bridle cable. To operate the ferry either the bridle cable is adjusted or a rudder is used, causing the ferry to be angled into the current, and the force of the current moves the ferry across the river.

The ferry may consist of a single hull, or two pontoons with a deck bridging them. Some ferries carry only passengers, whilst others carry road vehicles, with some examples carrying up to 12 cars.

Worldwide usage

Austria

* Ferry from Weißenkirchen in der Wachau to St. Lorenz across the Danube
* Ferry from Spitz an der Donau to Arnsdorf across the Danube
* Ferry from Ottensheim to Wilhering across the Danube
* Ferry from Korneuburg to Klosterneuburg across the Danube 12 km north of Vienna

Canada

At one time over 30 reaction ferries crossed the rivers of British Columbia, primarily the Fraser River and the Thompson River. Those still operating include:
*Big Bar Ferry, across the Fraser River at Big Bar, British Columbia
*Little Fort Ferry, across the Thompson River in British Columbia
* Lytton Ferry, across the Fraser River at Lytton, British Columbia
* McLure Ferry, across the Thompson River in British Columbia
* Usk Ferry, across the Skeena River in Usk, British Columbia

In Quebec, the small Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry operates seasonally across the Rivière des Prairies from Laval-sur-le-Lac to the Île Bizard.

Croatia

Reaction ferries cross the rivers Sava and Drava.

Czech Republic

* Dolní Žleb Ferry crosses the Elbe at Dolní Žleb near Děčín. with lower (underwater) cable
* Vrané nad Vltavou – Strnady, Vltava river before Prague, with overhead cable

Germany

A number of reaction ferries operate in Germany, particularly across the rivers Elbe and Weser. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, they were quite common on the Rhine. Currently operating ferries include:

*Aken Ferry, across the Elbe at Aken (Elbe) in Saxony-Anhalt
* Barby Ferry, across the Elbe at Barby in Saxony-Anhalt
*Coswig Ferry, across the Elbe at Coswig in Saxony-Anhalt
* Rathen Ferry, across the Elbe at Rathen in Saxony
* Räbel Ferry, across the Elbe between Räbel and Havelberg in Saxony-Anhalt
*Rothenburg Ferry, across the Saale at Rothenburg in Saxony-Anhalt
* Sandau Ferry, across the Elbe at Sandau in Saxony-Anhalt
*Belgern Ferry, across the Elbe at Belgern in Saxony
* Veckerhagen Ferry, across the Weser between Veckerhagen in Hesse and Hemeln in Lower Saxony
* Westerhüsen Ferry, across the Elbe at Magdeburg in Saxony-Anhalt
* Matting Ferry, across the Danube at Matting in Bavaria (Near Regensburg)

Italy

The is a historic reaction ferry across the Adda River at Imbersago. It is reputed to have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

Lithuania

* Padalių-Čiobiškio keltas across the river Neris, connecting Padaliai in Kaunas County with Čiobiškis in Vilnius County
* Uperis across the river Neris, connecting Verkių parkas with the Valakampis district of Vilnius, opened in 2018

Netherlands

* Culemborg ferr

* Ferry service Doornenburg crossing the Pannerdens Kanaal

New Zealand

*Tuapeka Mouth Ferry, in Tuapeka – South Island, on the Clutha Riverbr>

Poland

A number of reaction ferries operate:

* Biechowy Ferry, across the Warta between Biechowy and Piersk
* Borusowa Ferry, across the Vistula between Borusowa and Nowy Korczyn road no. 973
*Brody Ferry, across the Oder at Brody road no. 280
* Ciszyca Ferry, across the Vistula between Tarnobrzeg and Ciszyca road no. 758
*Czchów Ferry, across the Dunajec between Czchów and Piaski Drużków
*Czeszewo Ferry, across the Warta at Czeszewo
*Dębno Ferry, across the Warta between Dębno and Orzechowo
*Gniew Ferry, across the Vistula between Gniew and Janowo road no. 510
* Grzegorzowice Ferry, across the Oder between Grzegorzowice and Ciechowice road no. 421
* Kozubów Ferry, across the Warta at Kozubów
*Krzemienna Ferry, across the San between Krzemienna and Jabłonica Ruska
*Milsko Ferry, across the Oder between Milsko and Przewóz road no. 282
* Nozdrzec Ferry, across the San between Nozdrzec and Dąbrówka Starzeńska
*Opatowiec Ferry, across the Vistula between Opatowiec and Ujście Jezuickie
* Otfinów Ferry, across the Dunajec between Otfinów and Pasieka Otfinowska
*Pogorzelica Ferry, across the Warta between Pogorzelica and Nowa Wieś Podgórna
*Połaniec Ferry, across the Vistula between Połaniec and Gliny Małe
* Połęcko Ferry, across the Oder between Połęcko and Chlebowo road no. 138
*Pomorsko Ferry, across the Oder at Pomorsko road no. 281
* Siedliszowice Ferry, across the Dunajec between Siedliszowice and Wietrzychowice
* Sławsk Ferry, across the Warta between Sławsk and Węglewskie Holendry
* Świniary Ferry, across the Vistula between Baranów Sandomierski and Świniary Stare road no. 872
*Waki Ferry, across the Warta at Waki

Slovakia

* Strečno Ferry, across the river Váh, between Strečno and Nezbudská Lúčka in Žilina District
* Vlčany-Selice Ferry, across the river Váh, between Vlčany and Selice in Šaľa District
* Záhorská Ves Ferry, across the river Morava, between Záhorská Ves, Malacky District in Slovakia and Angern an der March, Gänserndorf district in Lower Austria, Austria

Spain

* Pas de barca de Flix on the Ebro river, in Flix in the Catalonia region of Spain.
* Pas de barca de Miravet on the Ebro river, in Miravet in the Catalonia region of Spain has been operating since the Middle Ages, and continues to use a traditional wooden ferry boat design.

Switzerland

Four ferries which carries passengers only cross the Rhine in Basel.Reaction ferries are really clever
/ref>

Three such ferries cross the Aare in Bern.

United Kingdom

The Hampton Loade Ferry, which carried passengers only, crossed the River Severn at Hampton Loade in Shropshire until 2017. It was operated partly by the current and partly by punting.

United States

Several reaction ferries crossed rivers in the Ozark Mountains of the central United States during the first half of the 20th century. The Akers Ferry across the Current River near Salem in Missouri remains in operation. Menor's Ferry in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, was a dual-pontoon reaction ferry built in the 1890s and operated until 1927. A replica was constructed by the National Park Service in 2009.

See also

*Cable ferry
* Chain boat
* Ferry
*Pontoon (boat)

References

External links

{{commons category, Reaction ferries
BC Ministry of Transportation Marine DivisionPicture of the ferry
at Lytton across the Fraser River.
Commemorating the centennial of the McLure ferry

Ferries