A Rainbow Coalition may refer different or related political concepts or movements in various parts of the world. In countries with parliamentary systems, it can refer to any

coalition government A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive. Coalition governments usually occur when no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an ...

composed of a coalition of several ideologically unrelated political parties which are united by opposition to one or more dominant parties. In the US, the "rainbow" concept has mainly referred to a diversity ethnicities and other demographic categories within a political organization or movement.

North America

United States

In the United States, the first rainbow coalition sought to bring together disadvantaged people from a broad spectrum of races and creeds, and voter mobilization was a primary goal in that effort. * 1969: Fred Hampton's Rainbow Coalition was a multiracial, working class alliance formed in Chicago. It was composed of various US political organizations including primarily African Americans and former Latino Gangs-

Jose Cha Cha Jimenez Jose is the English transliteration of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ''Yose'', which is etymologically linked to ''Yosef'' or Joseph. Given name Mishnaic and Talmudic periods * Jose ben Abin * Jose ben Akabya *Jose the Galilean * Jose ben Halafta ...

and the

Young Lords The Young Lords, also known as the Young Lords Organization (YLO), were a left-wing political organization that originally developed from a Chicago street gang. With major branches in Chicago and New York City, they were known for their direct act ...

. * 1984: Jesse Jackson's

Rainbow/PUSH Rainbow/PUSH is a Chicago-based nonprofit organization formed as a merger of two nonprofit organizations founded by Jesse Jackson; Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity) and the National Rainbow Coalition. The organizations pursue socia ...

Coalition called for

Arab American Arab Americans ( or ) are Americans who trace ancestry to any of the various waves of immigrants from the Arabic-speaking countries. In the United States census, Arabs are racially classified as White Americans which is defined as "A person ha ...

s, Native Americans,

Asian American Asian Americans are Americans with ancestry from the continent of Asia (including naturalized Americans who are immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of those immigrants). Although this term had historically been used fo ...

s, youth,

disabled Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physica ...

veteran A veteran () is a person who has significant experience (and is usually adept and esteemed) and expertise in an job, occupation or Craft, field. A military veteran is a person who is no longer serving in the military, armed forces. A topic o ...

s, small

farmers A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer mi ...

lesbian A lesbian is a homosexual woman or girl. The word is also used for women in relation to their sexual identity or sexual behavior, regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexu ...

s and

gay ''Gay'' is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual. The term originally meant 'carefree', 'cheerful', or 'bright and showy'. While scant usage referring to male homosexuality dates to the late ...

s to join with

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

s and

Jewish American American Jews (; ) or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion. According to a 2020 poll conducted by Pew Research, approximately two thirds of American Jews identify as Ashkenazi, 3% id ...

s for political purpose around his presidential candidacy. * 1996: The

Green-Rainbow Party The Green-Rainbow Party (GRP) is the Massachusetts affiliate of the Green Party of the United States and a political designation in Massachusetts officially recognized by the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Up until 2020, it was a ...

is an affiliate of the

Green Party of the United States The Green Party of the United States (GPUS) is a federation of Green state political parties in the United States. The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism; nonviolence; social justice; participatory democracy; anti-war; ...

in Massachusetts.

Canada

* The informal name of a group of independent MPs in May/June 1990 before they started calling themselves

Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (, , BQ) is a centre-left politics, centre-left and list of federal political parties in Canada, federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism, Quebecois nationalism, social democracy, and the promotion o ...

Africa

National Rainbow Coalition The National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) is a political party in Kenya. As an alliance, it was in power from 2002 and 2005 when it collapsed due to disagreements between members over a constitutional referendum. Formation In preparation of the 2002 ...

, a former Kenyan political alliance

Asia

* Rainbow Coalition, a former Philippine political alliance in the

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

Europe

* The 24th government of Ireland, formed by Fine Gael, Labour and Democratic Left parties * Lipponen I Cabinet and Lipponen II Cabinet (1995–2003) in Finland, with parties from all parts of the left-right spectrum, were the original "rainbow coalitions" (''sateenkaarihallitus''). Katainen Cabinet and its successor Stubb Cabinet were also characterized as rainbow coalitions. * A group of political parties in Belgium, formed in 1999 under the premiership of Guy Verhofstadt (see Belgium#Politics) *

Rainbow (Netherlands) The Rainbow () was an alliance of Dutch political parties, which included the Political Party of Radicals, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Evangelical People's Party and the Communist Party of the Netherlands. History The parties contested ...

, an alliance of Dutch left-wing political parties from 1989 to 1990. * The Left - The Rainbow, an alliance of Italian left-wing political parties from 2007 to 2008.

Middle East

* The

Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow Coalition The Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow Coalition () is a social justice organization among Mizrahi Jews (Jews from Arab and Muslim lands and the East) in Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, ...

in Israel