Replication factor C subunit 4 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''RFC4''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Function
The elongation of
primed DNA templates by
DNA polymerase delta
DNA polymerase delta (DNA Pol δ) is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in DNA replication and repair. The DNA polymerase delta complex consists of 4 subunits: POLD1, POLD2, POLD3, and POLD4. DNA Pol δ is an enzyme used f ...
and
DNA polymerase epsilon
DNA polymerase epsilon is a member of the DNA polymerase family of enzymes found in eukaryotes. It is composed of the following four subunits: POLE (central catalytic unit), POLE2 (subunit 2), POLE3 (subunit 3), and POLE4 (subunit 4). Recent ...
requires the accessory proteins
proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the D ...
(PCNA) and
replication factor C
The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.
The subunits of this heteropentamer are named Rfc1, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5 in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''. RFC is used in eukaryo ...
(RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 37 kD subunit. This subunit forms a core complex with the 36 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses
DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system.
Alternatively spliced
Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative RNA splicing, splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. For example, some exons of a gene ma ...
transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported.
Radioresistance
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.
Ionizing-radiation-resistant organisms (IRRO) were defined as organisms for which the dose of acute ionizing radiation (IR) required to achieve 90% reductio ...
of
esophageal squamous carcinoma cells is a critical factor leading to treatment failure and recurrence.
RFC4 expression is significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell tissues and cells, particurly in cases that are radioresistant.
[ RFC4 plays a role in conferring radioresistance to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by bolstering repair of DNA damage.][ Thus RFC4 is a promising therapeutic target for combating radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.][
]
Interactions
RFC4 has been shown to interact with:
* BRD4
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRD4'' gene.
BRD4 is a member of the BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain) family, which also includes BRD2, BRD3, and BRDT. BRD4, similar to other BET fam ...
,CHTF18
Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CHTF18'' gene.
Interactions
CHTF18 has been shown to interact with:
* DCC1,
* PCNA,
* RFC2,
* RFC3
Replication factor C subunit 3 is ...
,PCNA
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase delta, DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cell (biology), cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its ...
,RFC3
Replication factor C subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RFC3'' gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA t ...
,
References
Further reading
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