Manora Fort is a fort that was built to protect the harbour of

Karachi Karachi is the capital city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, largest city in Pakistan and 12th List of largest cities, largest in the world, with a popul ...

. Originally erected as a mud fortress by the Talpur Mirs in 1797, the fort was captured by the British in 1839 - after which they seized control of Karachi and lower Sindh.

History

Establishment

Manora Fort was built by the

Talpur dynasty The Talpur dynasty () was a Baloch people in Sindh, Baloch dynasty that ruled the Sind State (present-day Sindh, Pakistan) after overthrowing the Kalhora dynasty in 1783 until British conquest of Sindh in 1843. A branch of the family continued ...

in 1797 in order to protect the port, which handled trade with

Oman Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman’s coastline ...

and

Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...

. The fort was built at the top of cliffs that were in height, with a small mosque and a round tower. The fort was used to repel attacks by Qasimi pirates who threatened and sometimes raided Karachi Harbor in the early 19th century. Accounts and extent of piracy have been contested, and it has been suggested that piracy might have been used as a ''

casus belli A (; ) is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war. A ''casus belli'' involves direct offenses or threats against the nation declaring the war, whereas a ' involves offenses or threats against its ally—usually one bou ...

'' for the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

to seize control of the Persian Gulf region.

Capture by the British

On 1 February 1839 a British ship, HMS ''Wellesley'' (1815), anchored off the island of Manora. On 3 February, the ship opened fire on the fort. When British troops stormed the fort, they reportedly found it guarded by 4 or 5 men, who had no guns to fire back with, and so the fort was quickly surrendered by Wussul Ben Butcha, and Karachi with most of the area that now forms Pakistan captured. After the fort was captured, the building was used as a residence for the Master-Attendant of the Karachi Port. St. Paul's church was built in the immediate vicinity in 1865. In 1888, the old fort was mostly removed, and the battery reinforced. A

lighthouse A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of physical structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lens (optics), lenses and to serve as a beacon for navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways. Ligh ...

was built by the British presence in 1889 to assist vessels approaching Karachi harbor.

Post-independence

After independence in 1947, Manora Fort became the main base of the

Pakistan Navy The Pakistan Navy (PN) (; ''romanized'': Pākistān Bahrí'a; ) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Chief of the Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Com ...

, with berths for naval vessels located along the eastern edge of the island. The island has been governed as a military cantonment since then. The opening of the new Jinnah Naval Base at Ormara, away, has meant that approximately half of the naval vessels have moved away from Manora. The fort now serves as the headquarters of the Pakistan Marines."Marine Badges: Pakistan"

Gallery

File:QASIM Fort.JPG, Manora Fort as seen from its breakwater File:Old Guns Qasim Fort.JPG, Old anti-ship munitions at the fort

External links

Manora Fort, Karachi

Manora Fort Photo

References

Forts in Sindh Karachi Pakistan Navy bases Pakistan Marines bases Military headquarters in Pakistan Military history of Karachi {{Pakistan-struct-stub