The Pyronemataceae are a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...
in the order
Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white ...
. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species.
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family, and suggest that the family is not
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...
as it is currently
circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every po ...
.
Morphology
Members of the family are diverse in ascomatal or cleistothecial form. Individual taxa may be sessile (without a
stipe) to shortly stipitate, cupulate (cup-shaped), discoid (disc-shaped), pulvinate (cushion-shaped), or with turbinate (turban-shaped) epigeous apothecia. Also, taxa may be sub-hypogeous to hypogeous with closed, folded, or solid ascomata.
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are mo ...
may range in size from less than 1 mm up to 12 cm in diameter, and may be brightly colored due to
carotenoid
Carotenoids (), also called tetraterpenoids, are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, and fungi. Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins, carrots, parsnips, cor ...
pigments
A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compou ...
. Genera of the Pyronemataceae lack unifying macroscopic or microscopic characteristics; this lack of uniting characters has led various authors to propose a variety of classification schemes.
[Korf RP. Synoptic key to the genera of ''Pezizales''. ''Mycologia''. 1972 64:937–94.]
Genera
This list of genera in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus name is followed by the
author citation, year of publication, and number of species.
*''
Acervus'' – 9 spp.
*''
Aleuria'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Aleurina'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Anthracobia'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Aparaphysaria'' – 2 spp.
*''
Arpinia'' – 4 spp.
*''
Ascocalathium'' – 1 sp.
*''
Ascosparassis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Aurantiolachnea'' – 1 sp.
*''
Boubovia'' – 7 spp.
*''
Byssonectria'' – 7 spp.
*''
Boudierella'' – 1 sp.
*''
Chaetothiersia''
– 1 sp.
*''
Chalazion'' – 3 spp.
*''
Cheilymenia'' – 67 spp.
*''
Cupulina'' – 2 spp.
*''
Dictyocoprotus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Eoaleurina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Galeoscypha'' – 1 sp.
*''
Genabea'' – 5 spp.
*''
Genea
''Genea'' is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. There are about 32 species in the genus that occur in North America and Europe. The genus was circumscribed by Italian mycologist Carlo Vittadini in 1831.
The genus na ...
'' – ca. 40 spp.
*''
Geneosperma'' – 2 spp.
*''
Geopora'' – ca. 20 spp.
*''
Geopyxis
''Geopyxis'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution. Molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2007 suggest that the genus is not monophyletic.
Species
, Index Fungorum lists 26 valid speci ...
'' –
*''
Gilkeya'' – 1 sp.
*''
Hiemsia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Hoffmannoscypha''
Stielow, Göker & Klenk (2012) – 1 sp.
*''
Humaria'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Hydnocystis'' – 7 spp.
*''
Hypotarzetta'' – 1 spp.
*''
Jafnea
''Jafnea'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Richard Korf in 1960.
The genus name of ''Jafnea'' is in honour of Johan Axel Frithiof Nannfeldt (1904-1985), who was a Swedish botanist and mycolog ...
'' – 2 spp.
*''
Lamprospora
''Lamprospora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;
* '' Lamprospora ammophila''
* '' Lamprospora aneurae''
* '' Lamprospora annulata''
* '' Lamprospora asperella''
* '' Lamprospora ...
'' – ca. 50 spp.
*''
Lasiobolidium'' – 13
*''
Lasiocupulina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Lathraeodiscus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Lazuardia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Leucoscypha'' – 10 spp.
*''
Lotinia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Luciotrichus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Melastiza'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Micronematobotrys''
– 1 sp.
*''
Miladina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Monascella'' – 1 sp.
*''
Moravecia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Mycogalopsis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Neottiella'' – ca. 5 spp.
*''
Nothojafnea'' – 2 spp.
*''
Octospora
''Octospora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.
Species
*''Octospora axillaris''
*''Octospora carbonigena''
*''Octospora coccinea''
*''Octospora convexula''
*''Octospora crosslandii''
*''Octospora humosa''
*''Octospora leucol ...
'' – ca. 50 spp.
*''
Octosporella'' – 16 spp.
*''
Orbicula
''Orbicula'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the Pyronemataceae family. It consists of two species. The type species is ''Orbicula cyclospora'', now known as '' Orbicula parietina''. The genus was documented in 1871 by English mycologist Mor ...
'' – 2 spp.
*''
Otidea
''Otidea'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus is widely distributed in northern temperate regions.
Taxonomy
The genus, proposed in 1851 by German physician and mycologist Hermann Friedrich Bonorden, was based on Chris ...
'' – ca. 52 spp.
*''
Oviascoma'' – 1 sp.
*''
Parascutellinia'' – 6 spp.
*''
Paratricharina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Paratrichophaea'' – 5 spp.
*''
Parawilcoxina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Paurocotylis'' – 8 spp.
*''
Perilachnea'' – 6 spp.
*''
Petchiomyces'' – 1 sp.
*''
Picoa'' – 2 spp.
*''
Planamyces'' – 1 sp.
*''
Pseudaleuria'' – 2 spp.
*''
Pseudotricharina'' – 3 spp.
*''
Pulvinula
''Pulvinula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus was described by French mycologist Jean Louis Émile Boudier in 1885.
Species
*''Pulvinula alba''
*''Pulvinula albida''
*''Pulvinula anthracobia''
*''Pulvinula archeri ...
'' – 26 spp.
*''
Pyronema'' – 3 spp.
*''
Pyropyxis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Ramsbottomia
''Ramsbottomia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.
The genus name of ''Ramsbottomia'' is in honour of John Ramsbottom (1885–1974), who was a British mycologist.
The genus was circumscribed by W.D. Buckley
WD may refer to ...
'' – 3 spp.
*''
Rhizoblepharia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Rhodoscypha'' – 1 sp.
*''
Rhodotarzetta'' – 2 spp.
*''
Scutellinia'' – 70 spp.
*''
Selenaspora'' – 1 sp.
*''
Sepultariella'' – 2 spp.
*''
Smardaea'' – 9 spp.
*''
Smarodsia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Sowerbyella
''Sowerbyella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 17 species found mostly in Europe and China.
The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by John Axel Nannfeldt i ...
'' – 17 spp.
*''
Sphaerosoma'' – 11 spp.
*''
Sphaerosporella'' – 3 spp.
*''
Spooneromyces'' – 5 spp.
*''
Tricharina
''Tricharina'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in temperate regions, and contains 13 species. The anamorph form is '' Ascorhizoctonia''. ''Tricharina'' was described by mycologist Finn-E ...
'' – 12 spp.
*''
Trichophaea'' – 26 spp.
*''
Trichophaeopsis
''Trichophaeopsis'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of bi ...
'' – 4 spp.
*''
Wenyingia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Wilcoxina
''Wilcoxina'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It was circumscribed by Chin Yang and Richard Korf in 1985. Some species have been shown to produce the siderophore compound ferricrocin.
Species are cosmopolitan in distribution ...
'' – 5 spp.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1334095
Ascomycota families
Taxa described in 1842
Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda