The Pyronemataceae are a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the order
Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and whit ...
. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species.
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family, and suggest that the family is not
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
as it is currently
circumscribed.
Morphology
Members of the family are diverse in ascomatal or cleistothecial form. Individual taxa may be sessile (without a
stipe) to shortly stipitate, cupulate (cup-shaped), discoid (disc-shaped), pulvinate (cushion-shaped), or with turbinate (turban-shaped) epigeous apothecia. Also, taxa may be sub-
hypogeous to hypogeous with closed, folded, or solid
ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body (sporocarp (fungi), sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded ascus, asci, each of which typically contains four to ...
.
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. As ...
may range in size from less than 1 mm up to in diameter, and may be brightly colored due to
carotenoid
Carotenoids () are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins, carrots, parsnips, corn, tomatoes, cana ...
pigments.
Genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
of the Pyronemataceae lack unifying macroscopic or microscopic characteristics; this lack of uniting characters has led various authors to propose a variety of classification schemes.
[Korf RP. Synoptic key to the genera of ''Pezizales''. ''Mycologia''. 1972 64:937–94.]
Genera
This list of genera in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus name is followed by the
author citation, year of publication, and number of species.
*''
Acervus'' – 9 spp.
*''
Aleuria'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Aleurina'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Anthracobia'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Aparaphysaria'' – 2 spp.
*''
Arpinia'' – 4 spp.
*''
Ascocalathium'' – 1 sp.
*''
Ascosparassis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Aurantiolachnea'' – 1 sp.
*''
Boubovia'' – 7 spp.
*''
Byssonectria'' – 7 spp.
*''
Boudierella'' – 1 sp.
*''
Chaetothiersia''
– 1 sp.
*''
Chalazion'' – 3 spp.
*''
Cheilymenia'' – 67 spp.
*''
Cupulina'' – 2 spp.
*''
Dictyocoprotus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Eoaleurina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Galeoscypha'' – 1 sp.
*''
Genabea'' – 5 spp.
*''
Genea'' – ca. 40 spp.
*''
Geneosperma'' – 2 spp.
*''
Geopora'' – ca. 20 spp.
*''
Geopyxis'' –
*''
Gilkeya'' – 1 sp.
*''
Hiemsia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Hoffmannoscypha''
Stielow, Göker & Klenk (2012) – 1 sp.
*''
Humaria'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Hydnocystis'' – 7 spp.
*''
Hypotarzetta'' – 1 spp.
*''
Jafnea'' – 2 spp.
*''
Lamprospora'' – ca. 50 spp.
*''
Lasiobolidium'' – 13
*''
Lasiocupulina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Lathraeodiscus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Lazuardia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Leucoscypha'' – 10 spp.
*''
Lotinia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Luciotrichus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Melastiza'' – ca. 10 spp.
*''
Micronematobotrys''
– 1 sp.
*''
Miladina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Monascella'' – 1 sp.
*''
Moravecia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Mycogalopsis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Neottiella'' – ca. 5 spp.
*''
Nothojafnea'' – 2 spp.
*''
Octospora'' – ca. 50 spp.
*''
Octosporella'' – 16 spp.
*''
Orbicula'' – 2 spp.
*''
Otidea'' – ca. 52 spp.
*''
Oviascoma'' – 1 sp.
*''
Parascutellinia'' – 6 spp.
*''
Paratricharina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Paratrichophaea'' – 5 spp.
*''
Parawilcoxina'' – 1 sp.
*''
Paurocotylis'' – 8 spp.
*''
Perilachnea'' – 6 spp.
*''
Petchiomyces'' – 1 sp.
*''
Picoa'' – 2 spp.
*''
Planamyces'' – 1 sp.
*''
Pseudaleuria'' – 2 spp.
*''
Pseudotricharina'' – 3 spp.
*''
Pulvinula'' – 26 spp.
*''
Pyronema'' – 3 spp.
*''
Pyropyxis'' – 1 sp.
*''
Ramsbottomia'' – 3 spp.
*''
Rhizoblepharia'' – 2 spp.
*''
Rhodoscypha'' – 1 sp.
*''
Rhodotarzetta'' – 2 spp.
*''
Scutellinia'' – 70 spp.
*''
Selenaspora'' – 1 sp.
*''
Sepultariella'' – 2 spp.
*''
Smardaea'' – 9 spp.
*''
Smarodsia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Sowerbyella'' – 17 spp.
*''
Sphaerosoma'' – 11 spp.
*''
Sphaerosporella'' – 3 spp.
*''
Spooneromyces'' – 5 spp.
*''
Tricharina'' – 12 spp.
*''
Trichophaea'' – 26 spp.
*''
Trichophaeopsis'' – 4 spp.
*''
Wenyingia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Wilcoxina'' – 5 spp.
References
{{Authority control
Ascomycota families
Taxa described in 1842
Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda