1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP, 1-PmP) is a

chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

and

piperazine Piperazine () is an organic compound with the formula . In term of its structure, it can be described as cyclohexane with the 1- and 4-CH2 groups replaced by NH. Piperazine exists as deliquescent solid with a saline taste. Piperazine is freely sol ...

derivative In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is t ...

. It is known to act as an

antagonist An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the main enemy or rival of the protagonist and is often depicted as a villain.α₂-adrenergic receptor (K_i = 7.3–40 nM) and, to a much lesser extent, as a

partial agonist In pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given Receptor (biochemistry), receptor, but have only partial Intrinsic activity, efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist. They may also be considered Ligand (bio ...

of the 5-HT_1A receptor (K_i = 414 nM; E_max = 54%). It has negligible

affinity Affinity may refer to: Commerce, finance and law * Affinity (law), kinship by marriage * Affinity analysis, a market research and business management technique * Affinity Credit Union, a Saskatchewan-based credit union * Affinity Equity Pa ...

for the

dopamine Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It is an amine synthesized ...

D₂, D₃, and D₄ receptors (K_i > 10,000 nM) and does not appear to have significant affinity for the α₁-adrenergic receptors. Its crystal structure has been determined.

Derivatives

A number of pyrimidinylpiperazine derivatives are

drug A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Consumption of drugs can be via insufflation (medicine), inhalation, drug i ...

s, including: *

Buspirone Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar among others, is an anxiolytic, a medication primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, particularly generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT1A receptor partial ag ...

anxiolytic An anxiolytic (; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxie ...

Dasatinib Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel among others, is a targeted therapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Specifically it is used to treat cases that a ...

anticancer agent * Eptapirone anxiolytic *

Gepirone Gepirone, sold under the brand name Exxua, is a medication used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is taken orally. Side effects of gepirone include dizziness, nausea, insomnia, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia (indigestion). Ge ...

anxiolytic *

Ipsapirone Ipsapirone is a selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist of the piperazine and azapirone chemical classes. It has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Ipsapirone was studied in several placebo-controlled trials for depression and continue ...

anxiolytic *

Piribedil Piribedil is an antiparkinsonian agent and piperazine derivative which acts as a D2 and D3 receptor agonist. It also has α2-adrenergic antagonist properties. Medical uses * Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), either as monotherapy (w ...

antiparkinsonian agent *

Revospirone Revospirone (Bay Vq 7813) is an azapirone drug which was patented as a veterinary medicine, veterinary minor tranquilizers, tranquilizer but was never marketed. It acts as a binding selectivity, selective 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT1A receptor partial ...

anxiolytic *

Tandospirone Tandospirone, sold under the brand name Sediel, is an anxiolytic and antidepressant medication used in Japan and China, where it is marketed by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. It is a member of the azapirone class of drugs and is closely related to ot ...

anxiolytic *

Tirilazad Tirilazad is a drug that has been proposed to treat acute ischaemic stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain isc ...

neuroprotective agent *

Umespirone Umespirone (KC-9172) is a drug of the azapirone class which possesses anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. It behaves as a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 15 nM), D2 receptor partial agonist (Ki = 23 nM), and α1-adrenocep ...

anxiolytic *

Zalospirone Zalospirone (WY-47,846) is a selective 5-HT1A partial agonist of the azapirone chemical class. It was found to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression in clinical trials, but a high proportion of subjects dropped out due to sid ...

anxiolytic The

s are also classified as

azapirone Azapirones are a class of drugs used as anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. They are commonly used as Augmentation (psychiatry), add-ons to other antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). List of ...

s due to the

azaspirodecanedione Azaspirodecanedione is a chemical compound with the formula C9H13NO2. It is a component of the chemical structures of several of the azapirones. Concrete List #Alnespirone #Binospirone # BMY-7,378 #Buspirone #Gepirone (Dimethyl variation) # Mdl-72 ...

moiety in their structures. 1-PP is a common

metabolite In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, c ...

of most or all of the listed agents.

Alnespirone Alnespirone (S-20,499) is a selective 5-HT1A receptor full agonist of the azapirone chemical class. It has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. See also * 8-OH-DPAT * Azapirone Azapirones are a class of drugs used as anxiolytics, anti ...

binospirone Binospirone (MDL-73,005-EF) is a drug which acts as a partial agonist at 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors but as an antagonist at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. It has anxiolytic effects. See also * Azapirone Azapirones are a class o ...

, and

enilospirone Enilospirone (CERM-3,726) is a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist of the azapirone class. See also * Azapirone Azapirones are a class of drugs used as anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. They are commonly used as Augmentati ...

, despite being azapirones, are not piperazines and therefore do not metabolize to 1-PP, and while

perospirone Perospirone (Lullan) is an atypical antipsychotic of the azapirone family. It was introduced in Japan by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma in 2001 for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute cases of bipolar mania. Medical uses Its primary uses are in ...

and

tiospirone Tiospirone (BMY-13,859), also sometimes called tiaspirone or tiosperone, is an atypical antipsychotic of the azapirone class. It was investigated as a treatment for schizophrenia in the late 1980s and was found to have an effectiveness equivalent ...

are piperazines, they are instead

benzothiazole Benzothiazole, or more specifically 1,3-benzothiazole, is an aromatic heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula . It is colorless, slightly viscous liquid. Although the parent compound, benzothiazole is not widely used, many of its derivativ ...

-substituted piperazines and do not metabolize to 1-PP either.

References

{{Chemical classes of psychoactive drugs 5-HT1A agonists Alpha-2 blockers Human drug metabolites 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazines Aminopyrimidines Guanidines