Psenidae
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Psenidae is a family of aphid wasps in the superfamily
Apoidea The superfamily Apoidea is a major group (of over 30 000 species) within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from ...
formerly treated as the tribe Psenini. There are 12 genera and at least 485 described species of Psenidae.


Taxonomy and phylogeny

As Psenini, this taxon was previously treated as one of 4 tribes under the subfamily Pemphredoninae within
Crabronidae The Crabronidae is a large family of wasps within the superfamily Apoidea. Taxonomy and phylogeny This family has historically been treated as a subfamily in the now-defunct Spheciformes group under the family Sphecidae. The Spheciformes inclu ...
. Following phylogenetic analyses Crabronidae was found to be
paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
due to the exclusion of
Anthophila ''Anthophila'', from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (''ánthos''), meaning "flower", and φίλος (''phílos''), meaning "loving", is a genus of moths in the family Choreutidae. Species *''Anthophila abhasica'' Danilevsky, 1969 *''Anthophila alp ...
. As part of this revision, Pemphredoninae was also found to be
polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
and was split into 4 families. Psenini and Odontosphecini were combined and elevated to Psenidae. Ammoplanina (a subtribe of Pemphredonini) was elevated to
Ammoplanidae Ammoplanidae is a family of aphid wasps formerly treated as the Crabronidae subtribe Ammoplanina. There are about 10 genera and at least 130 described species in Ammoplanina. Phylogenetic analyses in 2018 and 2021 have confirmed this group as the ...
, the remaining Pemphredonini to Pemphredonidae, and Entomosericini to Entomosericidae. Psenidae is the sister lineage to Ammoplanidae, while Pemphredonidae is sister to Philanthidae.


Genera

These 12 genera belong to the family Psenidae: * '' Ammopsen'' Krombein, 1959 i c g * '' Deinomimesa'' Perkins, 1899 i c g * ''
Lithium Lithium (from , , ) is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions, it is the least dense metal and the ...
'' Finnamore, 1987 i c g * '' Mimesa'' Shuckard, 1837 i c g b * ''
Mimumesa ''Mimumesa'' is a genus of wasps in the family Psenidae. The species are found in the Holarctic. 32 species are known to exist. Species (Asia) *'' Mimumesa melanosomatica'' (Ma and Q. Li 2009) *'' Mimumesa mishimae'' (Tsuneki 1984) *'' Mimumes ...
'' Malloch, 1933 i c g b * '' Nesomimesa'' R. Perkins in R. Perkins and Forel, 1899 i c g * '' Odontopsen'' Tsuneki, 1964 i c g * '' Odontosphex'' Arnold, 1951 * ''
Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of Trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Su ...
'' Pate, 1937 i c g * '' Psen'' Latreille, 1796 i c g b * '' Pseneo'' Malloch, 1933 i c g b * '' Psenulus'' Kohl, 1897 i c g bData sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net


References


Further reading

* *


External links

* Apoidea Apocrita families {{apoidea-stub