Propanidid is an ultra short-acting phenylacetate

general anesthetic General anaesthetics (or anesthetics) are often defined as compounds that induce a loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals. Clinical definitions are also extended to include an induced coma that causes lack of aware ...

. It was originally introduced by

Bayer Bayer AG (English: , commonly pronounced ; ) is a German multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies and biomedical companies in the world. Headquartered in Leverkusen, Bayer' ...

in 1963 but

anaphylactic reaction Anaphylaxis (Greek: 'up' + 'guarding') is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site. It typically ...

s caused it to be withdrawn shortly afterwards. Even though

Cremophor EL Kolliphor EL, formerly known as Cremophor EL, is the registered trademark of BASF Corp. for its version of polyethoxylated castor oil. It is prepared by reacting 35 moles of ethylene oxide with each mole of castor oil. The resulting product is a m ...

has been shown to cause anaphylactic reactions in humans in several cases (both when given intravenously and orally), it is still debated whether propanidid itself may have contributed to the reactions. It has been argued that the toxic effects or reactions to propanidid (and

Althesin Alfaxolone/alfadolone (brand names Althesin (human), Saffan (veterinary)) is a short acting intravenous anesthetic agent. It was withdrawn from the market due to severe drug reactions. It is composed of a 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone and alfadolon ...

) were due to the drugs themselves. Several cases of negative reactions have been recorded for different drugs using Cremophor EL as solubilizer, suggesting that the negative reactions were mainly caused by Cremophor and not by the drug substances themselves.

References

External links

* * * * * {{GABAAR PAMs General anesthetics Acetate esters Phenol ethers Carboxamides GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Methoxy compounds Propyl esters Diethylamino compounds