A profiterole (), ''chou à la crème'' (), also known alternatively as a cream puff (US), is a filled French

choux pastry Choux pastry, or (), is a delicate pastry dough used in many pastries. The essential ingredients are butter, water, flour and eggs. Instead of a raising agent, choux pastry employs its high moisture content to create steam, as the water in ...

ball with a typically sweet and moist filling of whipped cream, custard, pastry cream, or ice cream. The puffs may be embellished or left plain or garnished with chocolate sauce, caramel, or a dusting of powdered sugar. Savory profiterole are also made, filled with pureed meats, cheese, and so on. These were formerly common garnishes for soups. The various names may be associated with particular variants of filling or sauce in different places.

Preparation

Choux pastry Choux pastry, or (), is a delicate pastry dough used in many pastries. The essential ingredients are butter, water, flour and eggs. Instead of a raising agent, choux pastry employs its high moisture content to create steam, as the water in ...

dough is piped through a pastry bag or dropped with a pair of spoons into small balls and baked to form largely hollow puffs. After cooling, the baked profiteroles are injected with filling using a pastry bag and narrow piping tip, or by slicing off the top, filling them, and reassembling. For sweet profiteroles, additional glazes or decorations may then be added.

Presentation

The most common presentations are pastry cream, whipped cream, or ice cream filling, topped with powdered sugar or chocolate ganache and possibly more whipped cream. They are also served plain, with a crisp caramel glaze, iced, or with fruit. Filled and glazed with caramel, they are assembled into a type of pièce montée called croquembouches, often served at

wedding A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicity, ethnicities, Race (human categorization), races, religions, Religious denomination, denominations, Cou ...

s in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

and

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, during the Christmas holiday in

, and are served during important celebrations in

Gibraltar Gibraltar ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory and British overseas cities, city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the A ...

. Profiteroles are also used as the outer wall of a St. Honoré cake.

History

The French word ''profiterole'', 'small profit, gratification', has been used in cuisine since the 16th century. In the 17th century, profiteroles were small hollow bread rolls filled with a mixture of sweetbreads, truffles, artichoke bottoms, mushrooms, pieces of partridge, pheasant, or various poultry, accompanied by garnish. They could also be served in a soup. François Massialot in ''Le Cuisinier royal et bourgeois'' (1698) gives several recipes for profiterole soup, with fillings of minced ham and poultry on a stew of mushrooms, asparagus, artichoke bottoms, rooster crests, sweetbreads, and truffles. The profiteroles are made of bread dough. Joseph Menon in his ''Traité de cuisine'' (1732) and François Marin in ''Les Dons de Comus'' (1750) give other examples of savory recipes while keeping the same principle. The profiteroles we know today, using choux pastry, were created in the 19th century. Jules Gouffé in his ''Livre de cuisine'' (1870) explains that a profiterole is a small choux pastry. Gustave Garlin in ''Le Cuisinier moderne'' (1887) mentions profiteroles filled with cream and glazed with chocolate or coffee, worked to be smooth and shiny. A widely-repeated legend claims that choux pastry, the key ingredient of profiteroles, was invented by the head chef to the court of Catherine de' Medici. But this is a 19th-century invention. The pastry cook's art of choux pastry began to develop around the 17th century. The patissier Jean Avice developed the pastry further in the middle of the 18th century and created choux buns, with the dough becoming known as 'pâte à choux', since only choux buns were made from it. In the 19th century, Antoine Carême developed the recipe used today. Image:Profiteroles by Star5112.jpg, Single profiterole with ice cream and chocolate ganache Image:Windbeutel.jpg, A German version, known as a Image:VĚTRNÍK +šXéřXěéěé.jpg, A Czech version with chocolate Image:İnci Pastanesi Profiterol.jpg, A Turkish version Image:ホイップクリームたっぷり (48154860687).jpg, Japanese cream puffs at a Fujiya store in

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

U.S.A.

Cream puffs have appeared on U.S. restaurant menus since at least 1851. The Wisconsin State Fair is known for its giant cream puffs. In

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...

, coco puffs (not to be confused with Cocoa Puffs) made by Liliha Bakery are a popular dessert. They are filled with chocolate creme patissiere and topped with a frosting known as "chantilly" (similar to German chocolate cake sans coconut and nuts).

References

External links