Procambarus planirostris

''Procambarus'' is a genus of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, all native to North and Central America. It includes a number of troglobitic species, and the marbled crayfish (''marmorkrebs''), which is parthenogenetic. Originally described as a subgenus for four species, it now contains around 161 species.

Biogeography

The majority of the diversity is found in the southeastern United States, but the genus extends as far south as Guatemala and Honduras, and on the Caribbean island of Cuba. After United States, the highest diversity is in Mexico with about 45 species. Only two are native to Guatemala (''P. pilosimanus'' and ''P. williamsoni''), one to Belize (''P. pilosimanus''), one to Honduras (''P. williamsoni'') and three to Cuba (''P. atkinsoni'', ''P. cubensis'' and ''P. niveus'').

Subgenus ''Ortmannicus'' was the most widespread, with the range of '' Procambarus acutus'' extending as far north as the Great Lakes and New England, as well as south into northeastern Mexico; the subgenus ''Girardella'' also extended from the Great Lakes to Mexico, but was distributed further west than ''Ortmannicus''. ''Scapulicambarus'' and ''Pennides'' were widespread in the southeastern United States, further west ( Texas and Louisiana) than ''Leconticambarus'' which was centered on Florida and neighbouring states. The subgenus ''Austrocambarus'' had the most southerly distribution, being found in Cuba and parts of Central America from Mexico to Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. The other subgenera are more restricted in their distributions, including three endemic to central Mexico, and six endemic to small areas in the United States.

A few species of ''Procambarus'' have been introduced to regions outside their native range, both in North America and other continents. They are frequently categorized as invasive species, representing a threat to natives, including rarer crayfish species.

Description

''Procambarus'' can be distinguished from other genera of crayfish by the form of the first pleopod in males, which typically has three or more processes at the tip, compared to two or fewer in '' Faxonius'' and ''Cambarus''.

Ecology

Most ''Procambarus'' species live in various above-ground waters such as rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and swamps, but several are troglobitic, living in caves, particularly in karstic areas. In the United States, these include both species in subgenus ''Lonnbergius'' ('' P. acherontis'' and '' P. morrisi''). Other cave-dwellers in the United States with various levels of troglomorphic adaptions are '' P. attiguus'', '' P. erythrops'', '' P. franzi'', '' P. leitheuseri'', '' P. lucifugus'', '' P. milleri'' and '' P. orcinus'', but these are all members of subgenera that also include species from above-ground waters. In Cuba, '' P. niveus'' is a cave-dweller. In Mexico, many species have been recorded in caves, but most of these have also been recorded from above-ground waters; only '' P. cavernicola'', '' P. oaxacae'', '' P. rodriguezi'' and '' P. xilitlae'' are strict cave-dwellers and troglomorphic. In 2007, troglomorphic specimens of '' P. clarkii'' were found in caves in Portugal and Italy

Taxonomy

''Procambarus'' was originally described by Arnold Edward Ortmann in 1905 as a subgenus of a wider genus ''Cambarus'', and originally contained only four species ('' P. williamsoni'', '' P. digueti'', '' P. mexicanus'' and '' P. cubensis''). The subgenus was elevated in 1942 to the taxonomic rank of genus by Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., who later erected most of the subgenera fornerly recognised within the genus, in his 1972 monograph ''The subgenera of the crayfish genus ''Procambarus'' (Decapoda: Astacidae)''. However, more recently the subgenera have been eliminated, and while it is recognized that ''Procambarus'' in not monophyletic, later literature does not make further taxonomic changes suggesting that more species sampling is required.

Species

*'' Procambarus ablusus'' Penn, 1963
*''Procambarus acanthophorus'' Villalobos, 1948
*'' Procambarus acherontis'' (Lönnberg, 1894)
*'' Procambarus acutissimus'' (Girard, 1852)
*'' Procambarus acutus'' (Girard, 1852)
*'' Procambarus adani'' Álvarez, Torres & Villalobos, 2021
*''Procambarus advena'' (LeConte, 1856)
*'' Procambarus albaughi'' (Johnson, 2018)
*''Procambarus alleni'' (Faxon, 1884)
*'' Procambarus ancylus'' Hobbs, 1958
*†'' Procambarus angustatus'' (LeConte, 1856)
*'' Procambarus apalachicolae'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus atkinsoni'' (Ortmann, 1913)
*'' Procambarus attiguus'' Hobbs, Jr. & Franz, 1992
*'' Procambarus barbatus'' (Faxon, 1890)
*'' Procambarus barbiger'' Fitzpatrick, 1978
*'' Procambarus bivittatus'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus blandingii'' (Harlan, 1830)
*'' Procambarus bouvieri'' (Ortmann, 1909)
*''Procambarus braswelli'' J. E. Cooper, 1998
*'' Procambarus brazoriensis'' Albaugh, 1975
*'' Procambarus caballeroi'' Villalobos, 1944
*'' Procambarus capillatus'' Hobbs, 1971
*''Procambarus caritus'' Hobbs, 1981
*'' Procambarus catemacoensis'' Rojas, Alvarez & Villalobos, 2000
*'' Procambarus cavernicola'' Mejía-Ortiz, Hartnoll & Viccon-Pale, 2003
*'' Procambarus ceruleus'' Fitzpatrick & Wicksten, 1998
*'' Procambarus chacei'' Hobbs, 1958
*'' Procambarus citlaltepetl'' Rojas, Alvarez & Villalobos, 1999
*'' Procambarus clarkii'' (Girard, 1852)
*'' Procambarus clemmeri'' Hobbs, 1975
*'' Procambarus cometes'' Fitzpatrick, 1978
*'' Procambarus connus'' Fitzpatrick, 1978
*'' Procambarus contrerasi'' (Creaser, 1931)
*'' Procambarus cubensis'' (Erichson, 1846)
*'' Procambarus cuetzalanae'' Hobbs, 1982
*''Procambarus curdi'' Reimer, 1975
*'' Procambarus delicatus'' Hobbs & Franz, 1986
*'' Procambarus digueti'' (Bouvier, 1897)
*'' Procambarus dupratzi'' Penn, 1953
*'' Procambarus echinatus'' Hobbs, 1956
*''Procambarus econfinae'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus elegans'' Hobbs, 1969
*'' Procambarus enoplosternum'' Hobbs, 1947
*'' Procambarus epicyrtus'' Hobbs, 1958
*'' Procambarus erichsoni'' Villalobos, 1950
*''Procambarus erythrops'' Relyea & Sutton, 1975
*'' Procambarus escambiensis'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus evermanni'' (Faxon, 1890)
*''Procambarus fallax'' (Hagen, 1870)
*'' Procambarus fitzpatricki'' Hobbs, 1972
*'' Procambarus franzi'' Hobbs & Lee, 1976
*'' Procambarus geminus'' Hobbs, 1975
*'' Procambarus geodytes'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus gibbus'' Hobbs, 1969
*'' Procambarus gonopodocristatus'' Villalobos, 1958
*'' Procambarus gracilis'' (Bundy, 1876)
*'' Procambarus hagenianus'' (Faxon, 1884)
*'' Procambarus hayi'' (Faxon, 1884)
*'' Procambarus hinei'' (Ortmann, 1905)
*'' Procambarus hirsutus'' Hobbs, 1958
*'' Procambarus hoffmanni'' (Villalobos, 1944)
*'' Procambarus holifieldi'' (Schuster, Taylor & Adams, 2015)
*''Procambarus horsti'' Hobbs & Means, 1972
*'' Procambarus hortonhobbsi'' Villalobos, 1950
*'' Procambarus howellae'' Hobbs, 1952
*'' Procambarus hubbelli'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus hybus'' Hobbs & Walton, 1957
*'' Procambarus incilis'' Pennington, 1962
*'' Procambarus jaculus'' Hobbs & Walton, 1957
*'' Procambarus kensleyi'' Hobbs, Jr., 1990
*'' Procambarus kilbyi'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus lagniappe'' Black, 1968
*'' Procambarus latipleurum'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus lecontei'' (Hagen, 1870)
*''Procambarus leitheuseri'' Franz & Hobbs, 1983
*'' Procambarus leonensis'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus lepidodactylus'' Hobbs, 1947
*''Procambarus lewisi'' Hobbs & Walton, 1959
*'' Procambarus liberorum'' Fitzpatrick, 1978 syn. ''Procambarus ferrugineus'' Hobbs & Robison, 1988
*'' Procambarus litosternum'' Hobbs, 1947
*'' Procambarus llamasi'' Villalobos, 1954
*'' Procambarus lophotus'' Hobbs & Walton, 1960
*''Procambarus lucifugus'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus lunzi'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*''Procambarus lylei'' Fitzpatrick & Hobbs, 1971
*'' Procambarus mancus'' Hobbs & Walton, 1957
*'' Procambarus marthae'' Hobbs, 1975
*'' Procambarus medialis'' Hobbs, 1975
*'' Procambarus mexicanus'' (Erichson, 1846)
*''Procambarus milleri'' Hobbs, 1971
*'' Procambarus mirandai'' Villalobos, 1954
*''Procambarus morrisi'' Hobbs, Jr. & Franz, 1991
*'' Procambarus natchitochae'' Penn, 1953
*'' Procambarus nechesae'' Hobbs, Jr., 1990
*'' Procambarus nigrocinctus'' Hobbs, Jr., 1990
*''Procambarus niveus'' Hobbs & Villalobos, 1964
*'' Procambarus nueces'' Hobbs, Jr. & Hobbs III, 1995
*'' Procambarus oaxacae'' Hobbs, 1973
*'' Procambarus okaloosae'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus olmecorum'' Hobbs, 1987
*''Procambarus orcinus'' Hobbs & Means, 1972
*'' Procambarus ortmannii'' Villalobos, 1949
*''Procambarus ouachitae'' Penn, 1956
*'' Procambarus paeninsulanus'' (Faxon, 1914)
*'' Procambarus pallidus'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus paradoxus'' (Ortmann, 1906)
*'' Procambarus parasimulans'' Hobbs & Robison, 1982
*'' Procambarus pearsei'' (Creaser, 1934)
*'' Procambarus penni'' Hobbs, 1951
*'' Procambarus pentastylus'' Walls & Black, 2008
*'' Procambarus petersi'' Hobbs, 1981
*'' Procambarus pictus'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus pilosimanus'' (Ortmann, 1906)
*'' Procambarus planirostris'' Penn, 1953
*'' Procambarus plumimanus'' Hobbs & Walton, 1958
*'' Procambarus pogum'' Fitzpatrick, 1978
*'' Procambarus primaevus'' (Packard, 1880)
*'' Procambarus pubescens'' (Faxon, 1884)
*'' Procambarus pubischelae'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus pycnogonopodus'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus pygmaeus'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus raneyi'' Hobbs, 1953
*''Procambarus rathbunae'' (Hobbs, 1940)
*'' Procambarus regalis'' Hobbs & Robison, 1988
*'' Procambarus regiomontanus'' Villalobos, 1954
*'' Procambarus reimeri'' Hobbs, 1979
*'' Procambarus riojai'' (Villalobos, 1944)
*'' Procambarus roberti'' Villalobos & Hobbs, 1974
*'' Procambarus rodriguezi'' Hobbs, 1943
*'' Procambarus rogersi'' (Hobbs, 1938)
*'' Procambarus ruthveni'' Pearse, 1911
*'' Procambarus sbordonii'' Hobbs, 1977
*'' Procambarus seminolae'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus shermani'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus simulans'' (Faxon, 1884)
*'' Procambarus spiculifer'' (LeConte, 1856)
*'' Procambarus steigmani'' Hobbs, Jr., 1991
*'' Procambarus strenthi'' Hobbs, 1977
*'' Procambarus suttkusi'' Hobbs, 1953
*'' Procambarus talpoides'' Hobbs, 1981
*'' Procambarus texanus'' Hobbs, 1971
*'' Procambarus teziutlanensis'' (Villalobos, 1947)
*'' Procambarus tlapacoyanensis'' (Villalobos, 1947)
*'' Procambarus toltecae'' Hobbs, 1943
*'' Procambarus troglodytes'' (LeConte, 1856)
*'' Procambarus truculentus'' Hobbs, 1954
*'' Procambarus tulanei'' Penn, 1953
*'' Procambarus vazquezae'' Villalobos, 1954 (species name often misspelled ''vasquezae'')
*'' Procambarus veracruzanus'' Villalobos, 1954
*'' Procambarus verrucosus'' Hobbs, 1952
*'' Procambarus versutus'' (Hagen, 1870)
*'' Procambarus viaeviridis'' (Faxon, 1914)
*'' Procambarus villalobosi'' Hobbs, 1969
*'' Procambarus vioscai'' Penn, 1946
*'' Procambarus virginalis'' (Lyko, 2017)
*'' Procambarus williamsoni'' (Ortmann, 1905)
*'' Procambarus xilitlae'' Hobbs & Grubbs, 1982
*'' Procambarus xochitlanae'' Hobbs, 1975
*'' Procambarus youngi'' Hobbs, 1942
*'' Procambarus zapoapensis'' Villalobos, 1954
*'' Procambarus zihuateutlensis'' Villalobos, 1950
*'' Procambarus zonangulus'' Hobbs, Jr. & Hobbs III, 1990

References

External links

*
*
Key to the subgenera of ''Procambarus''

{{Taxonbar, from=Q141175

Cambaridae
Freshwater crustaceans of North America
Crustacean genera
Taxa named by Arnold Edward Ortmann
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot