''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the
African violet
''Streptocarpus'' sect. ''Saintpaulia'' is a section within ''Streptocarpus'' subgenus ''Streptocarpella'' consisting of about ten species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Tanzania and adjacent sout ...
family
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Ges ...
. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam.
[ The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the extensive ]limestone karst
Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some eviden ...
regions of China and Vietnam.[Luu HT, Hsieh C-L, Chuang C-R, Chen C- W, Tran NT, Vu NL, et al. (2023) ''Langbiangia'', a new genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to Langbiang Plateau, southern Vietnam and a taxonomic endeavor to achieve key targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. ''PLoS ONE'' 18(5): e0284650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0284650]
In 2011 the genus was expanded with the transfer of many species that had previously been placed in the genus '' Chirita''. In 2016 five species were moved to the genus ''Deinostigma'',[''Metapetrocosmea'' W.T.Wang]
''Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
History
Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
''. Retrieved 11 August 2024. A phylogenetic study published in 2023 concluded that the southernmost three species of ''Primulina'', endemic to the Langbiang Plateau in southern Vietnam, constitute a separate genus which was named ''Langbiangia
''Langbiangia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. It includes three species endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, coun ...
''.[
]
Species
232 species are accepted.Primulina atropurpurea
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina baishouensis'' (Y.G.Wei, H.Q.Wen & S.H.Zhong) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina balansae'' (Drake) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina beiliuensis''
*''Primulina bicolor
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*''Primulina bipinnatifida
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & J.M.Li
*''Primulina bobaiensis
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
''
*''Primulina bogneriana
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*''Primulina brachystigma
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*''Primulina brachytricha
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) R.B.Mao & Yin Z.Wang
*''Primulina brassicoides
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*''Primulina bullata
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' S.N.Lu & F.Wen
*''Primulina cangwuensis
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
''
*''Primulina carinata
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
''
*'' Primulina carnosifolia'' (C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina cataractarum''
*'' Primulina cerina''
*'' Primulina chingipengii''
*'' Primulina chizhouensis''
*'' Primulina clausa''
*'' Primulina colaniae'' (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina confertiflora'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina cordata'' Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina cordifolia'' (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina cordistigma''
*'' Primulina crassifolia''
*'' Primulina crassirhizoma''
*'' Primulina crassituba'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina cruciformis'' (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina curvituba''
*'' Primulina danxiaensis''
*'' Primulina davidioides''
*'' Primulina debaoensis''
*'' Primulina demissa'' (Hance) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina depressa'' (Hook.f.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina dichroantha''
*'' Primulina diffusa''
*'' Primulina dongguanica''
*'' Primulina drakei'' (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina dryas'' (Dunn) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina duanensis''
*'' Primulina eburnea'' (Hance) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina effusa''
*'' Primulina elegans'' B. M. Wang, Y. H. Tong & N. H. Xia
*'' Primulina fangdingii''
*'' Primulina fangii'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina fengkaiensis''
*'' Primulina fengshanensis''
*'' Primulina fimbrisepala'' (Hand.-Mazz.) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina flavimaculata'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina flexusa''
*'' Primulina floribunda'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina fordii'' (Hemsl.) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina gemella'' (D.Wood) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina gigantea''
*'' Primulina glabrescens'' (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina glandaceistriata''
*'' Primulina glandulosa'' (D.Fang, L.Zeng & D.H.Qin) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina gongchengensis''
*'' Primulina gracilipes''
*'' Primulina grandibracteata'' (J.M.Li & Mich.Möller) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina gueilinensis'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & Yan Liu
*'' Primulina guigangensis''
*'' Primulina guihaiensis'' (Y.G.Wei, B.Pan & W.X.Tang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina guizhongensis''
*'' Primulina halongensis'' (Kiew & T.H.Nguyên) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina hedyotidea'' (Chun) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina hengshanensis''
*'' Primulina heterochroa''
*'' Primulina heterotricha'' (Merr.) Y.Dong & Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina hezhouensis''
*'' Primulina hiemalis''
*'' Primulina hiepii'' (Kiew) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina hochiensis'' (C.C.Huang & X.X.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina huaijiensis''
*'' Primulina huangii''
*'' Primulina huangjiniana''
*'' Primulina hunanensis''
*'' Primulina inflata''
*'' Primulina jianghuaensis''
*'' Primulina jiangyongensis''
*'' Primulina jingxiensis''
*'' Primulina jiulianshanensis''
*'' Primulina jiuwanshanica'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina jiuyishanica''
*'' Primulina juliae'' (Hance) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina langshanica'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina latinervis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lechangensis'' Xin Hong, F.Wen & S.B.Zhou
*'' Primulina leeii'' (F.Wen, Yue Wang & Q.X.Zhang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina leiophylla'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina leiyyi''
*'' Primulina lepingensis''
*'' Primulina leprosa''
*'' Primulina lianchengensis''
*'' Primulina liangwaniae''
*'' Primulina lianpingensis''
*'' Primulina liboensis'' (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lienxienensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina liguliformis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lijiangensis''
*'' Primulina linearicalyx''
*'' Primulina linearifolia'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina lingchuanensis'' (Yan Liu & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina linglingensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina liujiangensis'' (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Yan Liu
*'' Primulina lobulata'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina longgangensis'' (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu & Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina longicalyx'' (J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina longii'' (Z.Yu Li) Z.Yu Li
*'' Primulina longzhouensis''
*'' Primulina lunglinensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lungzhouensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina luochengensis'' (Yan Liu & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lutea'' (Yan Liu & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina lutescens''
*'' Primulina lutvittata''
*'' Primulina luzhaiensis'' (Yan Liu, Y.S.Huang & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina mabaensis''
*'' Primulina maciejewskii''
*'' Primulina macrodonta'' (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina macrorhiza'' (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina maguanensis'' (Z.Yu Li, H.Jiang & H.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina malingheensis''
*'' Primulina malipoensis''
*'' Primulina medica'' (D.Fang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina melanofilamenta''
*'' Primulina minor''
*'' Primulina minutimaculata'' (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina modesta'' (Kiew & T.H.Nguyên) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina moi''
*'' Primulina mollifolia'' (D.Fang & W.T Wang) J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina multifida''
*'' Primulina nana''
*'' Primulina nandanensis'' (S.X.Huang, Y.G.Wei & W.H.Luo) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina napoensis'' (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina ningmingensis''
*'' Primulina niveolanosa''
*'' Primulina nymphaeoides''
*'' Primulina obtusidentata'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina ophiopogoides'' (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*''Primulina orthandra
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina papillosa''
*'' Primulina parvifolia'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & J.M.Li
*'' Primulina pengii''
*'' Primulina persica''
*'' Primulina petrocosmeoides''
*'' Primulina pingleensis''
*'' Primulina pingnanensis''
*'' Primulina pinnata'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina pinnatifida'' (Hand.-Mazz.) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina polycephala'' (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina porphyrea''
*'' Primulina pseudoeburnea'' (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina pseudoglandulosa''
*'' Primulina pseudoheterotricha'' (T.J.Zhou, B.Pan & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina pseudomollifolia''
*'' Primulina pseudoroseoalba''
*'' Primulina pteropoda'' (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu
*'' Primulina pungentisepala'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina purpurea''
*'' Primulina purpureokylin''
*'' Primulina qingyuanensis''
*'' Primulina qintangensis''
*'' Primulina quanbaensis''
*'' Primulina renifolia'' (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina repanda'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina ronganensis'' (D.Fang & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina rongshuiensis''
*''Primulina roseoalba
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the extens ...
'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina rosulata''
*'' Primulina rotundifolia'' (Hemsl.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina rubella''
*'' Primulina rubribracteata''
*'' Primulina rufipes''
*'' Primulina sclerophylla'' (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu
*'' Primulina secundiflora'' (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina semicontorta'' (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina serrulata''
*'' Primulina shaowuensis''
*'' Primulina shouchengensis'' (Z.Yu Li) Z.Yu Li
*'' Primulina sichuanensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina silaniae''
*'' Primulina sinovietnamica''
*'' Primulina skogiana'' (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina spadiciformis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina speluncae'' (Hand.-Mazz.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina spinulosa'' (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina spiradiclioides''
*'' Primulina subrhomboidea'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina subulata'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina subulatisepala'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina suichuanensis''
*'' Primulina swinglei'' (Merr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina tabacum'' Hance
*'' Primulina tenuifolia'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina tenuituba'' (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina tiandengensis''
*'' Primulina titan''
*'' Primulina tribracteata'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina tsoongii''
*'' Primulina varicolor'' (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina verecunda'' (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina versicolor''
*'' Primulina vestita'' (D.Wood) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina villosissima'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina wangiana'' (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina weii'' Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina wenii''
*'' Primulina wentsaii'' (D.Fang & L.Zeng) Yin Z.Wang
*'' Primulina wuae''
*'' Primulina xinningensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*''Primulina xiuningensis
''Primulina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam. The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the exten ...
'' (X.L.Liu & X.H.Guo) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina xiziae''
*'' Primulina xuansonensis''
*'' Primulina yandongensis''
*'' Primulina yangchunensis''
*'' Primulina yangshanensis''
*'' Primulina yangshuoensis''
*'' Primulina yingdeensis''
*'' Primulina yulinensis''
*'' Primulina yungfuensis'' (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
*'' Primulina zixingensis''
Formerly placed here
*''Langbiangia annamensis
''Langbiangia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. It includes three species endemic to the Langbiang Plateau in southern Vietnam.Luu HT, Hsieh C-L, Chuang C-R, Chen C- W, Tran NT, Vu NL, et al. (2023) ''Langbiangia'', a ...
'' (as ''P. annamensis'' (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
*''Langbiangia poilanei
''Langbiangia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. It includes three species endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, coun ...
'' (as ''P. poilanei'' )
*''Langbiangia scutellifolia
''Langbiangia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. It includes three species endemic to the Langbiang Plateau in southern Vietnam.Luu HT, Hsieh C-L, Chuang C-R, Chen C- W, Tran NT, Vu NL, et al. (2023) ''Langbiangia'', a ...
'' (as ''P. scutellifolia'' )
*'' Metapetrocosmea cycnostyla'' (B.L.Burtt) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as ''P. cycnostyla'' )
*'' Metapetrocosmea cyrtocarpa'' (D.Fang & L.Zeng) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as ''P. cyrtocarpa'' )
*'' Metapetrocosmea eberhardtii'' (Pellegr.) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as ''P. eberhardtii'' )
*'' Metapetrocosmea minutihamata'' (D.Wood) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as ''P. minutihamata'' )
*'' Metapetrocosmea tamiana'' (B.L.Burtt) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as ''P. tamiana'' )
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4378769
Gesneriaceae genera
Taxa described in 1883
Taxa named by Henry Fletcher Hance