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Vakko is a Turkish
luxury Luxury may refer to: *Luxury goods, an economic good or service for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises *Luxury tax, a tax on products not considered essential, such as speedboats or diamonds. **Luxury tax (sports), a ...
fashion company founded by
Vitali Hakko Vitali Hakko (1913 – 10 December 2007) was a Turkish businessman, founder of the Vakko clothing business. He was laid to rest at the Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery in Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, ...
(d. 2007) survived by his son Cem Hakko. It produces and retails textiles, leather goods, and accessories. Vakko also operates luxury department stores under the Vakko name at
Zorlu Center Zorlu Center is a mixed-use high-rise building complex in the BeÅŸiktaÅŸ district of Istanbul, Turkey containing an upscale shopping mall, a five-star Raffles hotel and a Cinemaximum megaplex, as well as residences and offices. It is home to Zor ...
,
İstinye Park İstinye Park is a shopping center in the İstinye quarter of Istanbul, Turkey with 291 stores, of retail area, and four levels of underground parking. The center features both enclosed and open-air sections. The open-air section has a green centr ...
,
Akmerkez Akmerkez is a shopping mall located in the Etiler quarter of BeÅŸiktaÅŸ district in Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical ...
,
Vadi Istanbul Vadistanbul is a shopping center and mixed-use complex in the Ayazağa neighborhood, Sarıyer district, Istanbul. It forms the northern edge of the Istanbul Central Business District, a series of clustered residential and office towers, shopping ...
, and Akasya malls and on Bağdat Caddesi in Suadiye (Asian side); in Ankara at Atakule and Armada malls, and in İzmir at Hilltown and Istinye Park İzmir malls. It also operates boutiques under the Vakkorama, Vakko Couture, Vakko Wedding, Vakko L'Atelier, and Vakko Home names, as well as Vakko Outlet locations. In 1962, Vakko's eight-story flagship store on
İstiklal Avenue İstiklal Avenue () is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic BeyoÄŸlu (Pera) district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the most famous avenues in the city. It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Repub ...
in
BeyoÄŸlu BeyoÄŸlu (; ) is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 9 km2, and its population is 225,920 (2022). It is on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey, separated from the o ...
was the first modern department store in Turkey. It operated until 2006, when it became a branch of
Mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South and Southeast As ...
.


History

Vakko was founded in 1934 by
Vitali Hakko Vitali Hakko (1913 – 10 December 2007) was a Turkish businessman, founder of the Vakko clothing business. He was laid to rest at the Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery in Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, ...
under the brand name ''Åžen Åžapka'' () as a small
hat A hat is a Headgear, head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorpor ...
seller in Sultanhamam. In 1937, with his older brother Albert Hakko becoming a partner, Vitali Hakko changed the name of the company to Vakko and established
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
's first
silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...
dyeing workshop in
KurtuluÅŸ KurtuluÅŸ is a neighbourhood of the ÅžiÅŸli district of Istanbul that was originally called ''Tatavla,'' meaning 'stables' in Greek (). The modern Turkish name means "liberation", "salvation", "independence" or "deliverance". On 13 April 1929, si ...
,
ÅžiÅŸli ÅžiÅŸli () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by BeÅŸiktaÅŸ ...
. After Åžen Åžapka transformed into Vakko, it started to produce
scarves A scarf (: scarves or scarfs) is a long piece of fabric that is worn on or around the neck, shoulders, or head. A scarf is used for warmth, sun protection, cleanliness, fashion, religious reasons, or to show support for a sports club or team. ...
with Turkish silk,
cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...
and
wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have some properties similar to animal w ...
. Over time, Vakko turned to ready-to-wear to produce more than hats, scarves, and
printed fabrics Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...
. Here, customers were introduced for the first time to modern store practices such as bargain-free and promotional sales, and replacement of sold goods. In 1962, Hakko opened a large 8-storey store, including a cafe and fashion gallery, in
BeyoÄŸlu BeyoÄŸlu (; ) is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 9 km2, and its population is 225,920 (2022). It is on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey, separated from the o ...
(a.k.a. Pera), at the time, the most important modern shopping districts in
Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
. In 1969, the first Vakko Factory was built in Merter measuring 40,000 m2 and employment was provided. In 1973, the second Vakko store opened in
Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ...
, and Vakko began to further expand its retail network with the Vakko Boutique sales points it opened one after the other. Six years later, in 1979, the third Vakko store opened in
İzmir İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had ...
. There was an increase in the popularity of the Vakko brand with advertising campaigns and fashion shows carried out throughout Turkey. In September 1979 Vakko opened up its first shop outside Turkey, in
Old Bond Street Old or OLD may refer to: Places *Old, Baranya, Hungary *Old, Northamptonshire, England * Old Street station, a railway and tube station in London (station code OLD) *OLD, IATA code for Old Town Municipal Airport and Seaplane Base, Old Town, M ...
,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, selling merchandise 90% Vakko-produced, including items by Sevim Cavdar, and launched by a rooftop fashion show at the Régine Club. In 1981, on the 100th birthday of
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 â€“ 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death an ...
, a fashion and art show called "Anatolian Sun" was organized, bringing together Anatolian cultures and Western fashion concepts. The show, which was also exhibited in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
,
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
,
Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
,
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, and
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
on outside Turkey, introduced Vakko in
Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
as the representative of contemporary Turkish fashion. In 1982, ''Vakkorama'', one of
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
's first youth stores, opened in Taksim, Istanbul. In order to bring
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...
fashion to Istanbul, Vakkorama introduced a new team called ''V2K Designers'' ('V2K Designers') in 2000 with the slogan "Two cities, one brand". Over time, V2K Designers has acquired designers and brands from other fashion cities such as
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
and
Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
, as well as New York. Today, it is Turkey's first concept store where different world brands meet under the same roof. Creations of other designers and brands such as
Rick Owens Richard Saturnino Owens (born November 18, 1961) is an American fashion designer from Porterville, California. In addition to his main line, Owens has a furniture line and a number of diffusion lines. Early life and education Richard Saturnino ...
,
Gareth Pugh Gareth Pugh (born 31 August 1981) is an English fashion designer"Gareth Pugh: Fashion Designer."
, Alexander Wang,
Hussein Chalayan Hussein Chalayan, (; ; born 12 August 1970) is a British-Cypriot fashion designer. He has won the British Designer of the Year twice (in 1999 and 2000), and he was awarded the MBE in 2006. Chalayan is currently teaching at HTW Berlin. Ea ...
, Preen, Erdem, Elizabeth & James, Band of Outsider, and
Rag & Bone Rag & Bone (stylized in all lowercase) is an American fashion brand sold in its retail stores and more than 700 shops around the world. Marcus Wainwright and Nathan Bogle co-founded the brand in 2002, and Wainwright stepped down as chief brand o ...
are available at V2K Designers. In 2006, Vakko opened in the then-new
Kanyon Shopping Mall Kanyon (meaning Canyon in Turkish) is a multi-purpose complex located on the Büyükdere Avenue in the Levent business district of Istanbul, Turkey. Opened on 6 June 2006, it unites a 160-store shopping mall (covering an area of 37,500 m2), a 3 ...
in
Levent Levent is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of BeÅŸiktaÅŸ, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,911 (2022). It is one of the main business districts of Istanbul located on the European side of the city. It is situated ...
, in Istanbul's modern
Central Business District A central business district (CBD) is the Commerce, commercial and business center of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a financial district. Geographically, it often coincides wit ...
(the store has since closed and opened in the newer, larger
Zorlu Center Zorlu Center is a mixed-use high-rise building complex in the BeÅŸiktaÅŸ district of Istanbul, Turkey containing an upscale shopping mall, a five-star Raffles hotel and a Cinemaximum megaplex, as well as residences and offices. It is home to Zor ...
nearby). At the same time, the famous fashion designer
Zac Posen Zachary E. Posen (; born October 24, 1980) is an American fashion designer. Early life Zachary E. Posen was born and raised in a American Jews, Jewish family in New York City, residing in the SoHo neighborhood of lower Manhattan. He is the son ...
's specially interpreted creations for Vakko were introduced under the label "''Zac Posen @Vakko''". In the same year, world-famous top model
Gisele Bündchen Gisele Caroline Bündchen (, , born 20 July 1980) is a Brazilian fashion model. Since 2001, she has been one of the highest-paid models in the world. In 2007, Bündchen was the 16th-richest woman in the entertainment industry and earned the ...
became the face of Vakko's campaign. Since 2008, Vakko has been continuing its operations in its new factory, which is headquartered in Merter and spread over an area 2 times the size of its old factory, with screen printing and ready-made clothing production units, logistics facilities, social use areas, and work offices. In 2009, Vakko Home, launched, offering a selection of home furnishings and accessories, domestics (bed linens and towels), etc. In 2010, Vakko Fashion Center, designed by New York-based REX and shared with media company
Power Media Vakko is a Turkish luxury fashion company founded by Vitali Hakko (d. 2007) survived by his son Cem Hakko. It produces and retails textiles, leather goods, and accessories. Vakko also operates luxury department stores under the Vakko name at Z ...
, was opened in NakkaÅŸtepe,
Üsküdar Üsküdar () is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 35 km2, and its population is 524,452 (2022). It is a large and densely populated district on the Anatolian (Asian) shore of the Bosphorus. It is border ...
(Asia), consisting of all management units and creative staff offices, as well as showrooms, the ''Vitali Hakko Creative Industries Library'', auditorium, gallery and museum. In the same year, Vakko Wedding House Akaretler, which brings together evening
dresses A dress (also known as a frock or a gown) is a one-piece outer garment that is worn on the torso, hangs down over the legs, and is primarily worn by women or girls. Dresses often consist of a bodice attached to a skirt. Dress shapes, silhoue ...
,
tuxedos Black tie is a semi-formal Western dress code for evening events, originating in British and North American conventions for attire in the 19th century. In British English, the dress code is often referred to synecdochically by its principal ...
,
accessories Accessory may refer to: * Accessory (legal term), a person who assists a criminal In anatomy * Accessory bone * Accessory breast * Accessory kidney * Accessory muscle * Accessory nucleus, in anatomy, a cranial nerve nucleus * Accessory nerve ...
,
underwear Underwear, underclothing, or undergarments are items of clothing worn beneath outer clothes, usually in direct contact with the skin, although they may comprise more than a single layer. They serve to keep outer clothing from being soiled ...
and
hats A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mecha ...
suitable for all kinds of ceremonies for the bride and groom's families, opened in a single store. The first culture and arts festival, Istancool, which brought together many famous artists from different disciplines, was held in 2010. Many important names from the fashion and art worlds were hosted as guests, including the famous style icon
Daphne Guinness Daphne Diana Joan Susanna Guinness (born 9 November 1967) is an English fashion designer, socialite, actress, film producer, and musician. Early life Her father is Jonathan Guinness, 3rd Baron Moyne, the eldest son of Diana Mitford and Bryan ...
, hat designer
Philip Treacy Philip Anthony Treacy (born 26 May 1967) is an Irish haute couture Hatmaking, milliner, or hat designer, who has been mostly based in London for his career, and who was described by ''Vogue (magazine), Vogue'' magazine as "perhaps the greatest ...
, and pianist
Michael Nyman Michael Laurence Nyman, Order of the British Empire, CBE (born 23 March 1944) is an English composer, pianist, libretto, librettist, musicologist, and filmmaker. He is known for numerous film soundtrack, scores (many written during his lengthy ...
. In 2011, Vakko Fashion Center was chosen as the "Best Workspace of the Year" by ''
Wallpaper Wallpaper is used in interior decoration to cover the interior walls of domestic and public buildings. It is usually sold in rolls and is applied onto a wall using wallpaper paste. Wallpapers can come plain as "lining paper" to help cover uneve ...
'' magazine and the international architecture platform ArchDaily. Also in 2011, milliner (hat designer) Stephen Jones ' ''The Accent of Fashion'' Exhibition was held at Vakko Fashion Center. In the 2010s, Vakko continued to branch out in diverse related businesses: * In 2011, the Vitali Hakko Creative Industries Library opened focusing on
fashion Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing, footwear, Fashion accessory, accessories, cosmetics, and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into Clothing, outfits that depict distinct ...
,
architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ...
,
painting Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...
,
design A design is the concept or proposal for an object, process, or system. The word ''design'' refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something ...
,
cinema Cinema may refer to: Film * Film or movie, a series of still images that create the illusion of moving image ** Film industry, the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking ** Filmmaking, the process of making a film * Movie theate ...
and
music Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of Musical form, form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise Musical expression, expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all hum ...
-related publications * In 2013, the Vakko Esmod Fashion School launched in collaboration with the École supérieure des arts et techniques de la mode (
ESMOD The École supérieure des arts et techniques de la mode, or ESMOD, is a French private school of fashion. It was founded in Paris in 1841 by Alexis Lavigne. It has branches in Bordeaux, Lyon, Paris, Rennes and Roubaix in France, and in a numb ...
) of Paris, established in 1841 * In 2016, Vakko opened the first Vakko Patisserie branch, and introduces a new brand for all of its diverse food and beverage services, Vakko L'Atelier Istancool2012 hosted important names from the fashion and art world, such as French ''
Vogue Vogue may refer to: Business * ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine ** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine ** '' Vogue Adria'', a fashion magazine for former Yugoslav countries ** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine ** ' ...
'' editor
Carine Roitfeld Carine Roitfeld (; born 19 September 1954) is a French fashion editor, former fashion model, and writer. She is the former editor-in-chief of ''Vogue Paris'', a position she held from 2001 to 2011. In 2012, she became founder and editor-in-chief ...
, famous photographer
Mario Sorrenti Mario Sorrenti (born October 24, 1971) is an Italian-American photographer best known for his spreads of nude models in the pages of ''Vogue'' and ''Harper's Bazaar''. Early life Sorrenti was born in Naples, Italy, and moved to New York City at ...
and artist Pınar Yolaçan. Also in 2012, Hartford and Riviera Maison brands were incorporated into Vakko Holding.


Retail store formats

As of 31 December 2023 there were 181 points of sale: 29 in the department store division, 44 Vakko Boutique, 27 Vakkorama, 51 W Collection, 15 Vakko Outlet, 10 Vakko Wedding and 5 Vakko Home stores. As of June 2024, Vakko lists the following retail divisions and formats: Defunct formats as of June 2024: *Vakko 365 Single location at
Kanyon The Poseidon (, "Poseidon", GRAU index 2M39, NATO reporting name Kanyon), previously known by Russian codename Status-6 (), is an autonomous, nuclear-powered unmanned underwater vehicle reportedly in production by Rubin Design Bureau, capable ...
mall, converted in 2020 from a Vakko dept. store. Offered current as well as previous-season fashion.


Bağdat Avenue Bağdat Avenue () is one of the most important high streets on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, Turkey. It runs approximately from Maltepe, Istanbul, Maltepe in the east to Kadıköy in the west, almost paralleling the coastline of the Sea of Ma ...
(Suadiye) store

Since 1996, the Vakko department store's Suadiye branch has been located in a historic
yalı A yalı (, from Greek ''yialí'' (mod. ''yialós''), literally "seashore, beach") is a house or mansion built right on the waterside (almost exclusively seaside, particularly on the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul) and usually built with an archit ...
(typical wooden villa/summer house) along the upscale Bağdat Caddesi on the Asian side of Istanbul. In the survey by ''Kadıköy Platformu'' asking which store consumers liked the most for its appearance and displays, 76% answered the Vakko Suadiye mansion. Vakko's December seasonal decorations are especially popular, with multiple decorated trees (
Christmas tree A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen pinophyta, conifer, such as a spruce, pine or fir, associated with the celebration of Christmas. It may also consist of an artificial tree of similar appearance. The custom was deve ...
/
New Year tree New Year's trees are decorated trees similar to Christmas trees that are displayed to specifically celebrate the New Year. They should not be confused with the practice of leaving up a Christmas tree until after New Year's Day (traditionally unt ...
-style) and a
merry-go-round A carousel or carrousel (mainly North American English), merry-go-round (International English), or galloper (British English) is a type of amusement ride consisting of a rotating circular platform with seats for riders. The seats are tradit ...
in front of the store, and more trees, wreaths and candles within. In 2012 the store created artificial snow which fell in front of the store. For New Year's 2018, newspaper ''
Hürriyet ''Hürriyet'' (, ''Liberty'') is a major List of newspapers in Turkey, Turkish newspaper, founded in 1948. it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. ''Hürriyet'' combines entertainment with news coverage and ...
'' awarded Vakko Suadiye the status of "best decorated stores in the city".


Non-retail businesses

*Vakko Hotel and Residence, Istanbul *Vakko Esmod, fashion institute (educational institution) *VET Vakko School of Hospitality and Service, in partnership with the
École hôtelière de Lausanne EHL Hospitality Business School, formerly known as École hôtelière de Lausanne, is a hospitality management school in Switzerland. The school is often seen as one of the best of its kind in the world, training its students to obtain manager ...
(
Lausanne Lausanne ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest List of towns in Switzerland, city of the Swiss French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, about halfway bet ...
Hotel School, Switzerland) opened 2024 *Vitali Hakko Creative Industries Library *Power Media (PowerFM launched 1992, see below)


Power Media

Power Media a.k.a. Power Grup, with about 15% of the radio market in Turkey in 2014 whose operations include: **Radio stations ( tr), Power FM,( tr) Power TürkFM( tr) Radyo Fenomen, Power Love FM **Power TV( tr) Power Garage TV, PowerTürk TV, Power Dance TV, Power Love TV, PowerTürk Akustik TV, PowerTürk Slow TV, and PowerTürk Taptaze TV music video channels The Power Group was launched in 1992 with Power FM, a national radio station, followed by Power XL and PowerTürk radio, PowerTürk television in 2003, Radyo Fenomen in 2008, Power Garage TV in 2012 and Power Love FM in 2012. 160 employees work at the Power Media Center (joint HQ building with Vakko) that includes radio and TV studios.


References


External links

* {{Authority control Retail companies of Turkey Retail companies established in 1934 Clothing brands of Turkey Companies based in Istanbul Luxury brands Turkish companies established in 1934 Clothing companies established in 1934 Department stores of Turkey