enzymology An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

, a polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase () is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...

the

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemistry, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an Gibbs free energy, ...

:ATP + 5'-dephospho-DNA

\rightleftharpoons

ADP + 5'-phospho-DNA Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 5'-dephospho-DNA, whereas its two

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that can be offered to a market to satisfy the desire or need of a customer. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution ...

are ADP and 5'-phospho-DNA. Polynucleotide kinase is a T7 bacteriophage (or

T4 bacteriophage Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect ''Escherichia coli'' bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily '' Tevenvirinae'' of the family '' Straboviridae''. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic li ...

)

that catalyzes the transfer of a gamma-

phosphate Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus. In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthop ...

from ATP to the free

hydroxyl In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy ...

end of the 5'

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyrib ...

. The resulting product could be used to end-label DNA or RNA, or in ligation reactions.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of

transferase In biochemistry, a transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). They are involved ...

s, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (

phosphotransferase In molecular biology, phosphotransferases are proteins in the transferase family of enzymes ( EC number 2.7) that catalyze certain chemical reactions. The general form of the phosphorylation reactions they catalyze is: \ce Where P is a phosphat ...

s) with an alcohol group as an acceptor. The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivi ...

of this enzyme class is ATP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include: *ATP:5'-dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphatase * PNK * polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl kinase (phosphorylating), * 5'-hydroxyl polynucleotide kinase, * 5'-hydroxyl polyribonucleotide kinase, * 5'-hydroxyl RNA kinase, * DNA 5'-hydroxyl kinase, * DNA kinase, * polynucleotide kinase, and * polynucleotide 5'-hydroxy-kinase.

References

* *

External links

Vivo

New England Biolabs' T4 PNK page
EC 2.7.1 Enzymes of known structure {{2.7-enzyme-stub