Polygnathus Communis
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''Polygnathus'' is an extinct genus of
conodont Conodonts, are an extinct group of marine jawless vertebrates belonging to the class Conodonta (from Ancient Greek κῶνος (''kōnos''), meaning " cone", and ὀδούς (''odoús''), meaning "tooth"). They are primarily known from their hard ...
s.


Species

* †''Polygnathus acrinodosus'' Aboussalam 2003 * †''Polygnathus alkhovikovae'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus angustipennatus'' Bischoff and Ziegler 1957 * †''Polygnathus aragonensis'' Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus arthuri'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus bardashevi'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus bicristatus'' Mossoni et al.
2015 2015 was designated by the United Nations as: * International Year of Light * International Year of Soil __TOC__ Events January * January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
* †''Polygnathus burretti'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus chongqingensis'' Wang in Gong et al.
2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...
* †''Polygnathus carlsi'' Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus communis'' ** †''Polygnathus communis hanensis'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
** †''Polygnathus communis longanensis'' Qie et al.
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
** †''Polygnathus communis namdipensis'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
** †''Polygnathus communis phaphaensis'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus costatus'' Klapper 1971 ** †''Polygnathus costatus partitus'' * †''Polygnathus crassulus'' ** †''Polygnathus crassulus salapensis'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus damelei'' Vodrazkova et al. 2011 * †''Polygnathus dujieensis'' Qie et al.
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus efimovae'' Kononova et al. 1996 * †''Polygnathus extralobatus phoensis'' Savage
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus hemiansatus'' * †''Polygnathus hemipennatus'' Aboussalam 2003 * †''Polygnathus hojedki'' Gholamalian et al.
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus holynensis'' Vodrazkova et al. 2011 * †''Polygnathus housei'' Aboussalam 2003 * †''Polygnathus ivanowskyii'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus karsteni'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus kitabicus'' * †''Polygnathus lezhoevi'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus ilmenensis'' Zhuravlev 2003 * †''Polygnathus linguiformis'' HindeLower Devonian Subspecies of the Conodont Polygnathus linguiformis Hinde from Southeastern Australia. G. M. Philip and J. H. Jackson, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 41, No. 5 (Sep., 1967), pages 1262-1266
Stable URL
retrieved 1 May 2016)
* †''Polygnathus michaelmurphyi'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus nuragicus'' Mossoni et al.
2015 2015 was designated by the United Nations as: * International Year of Light * International Year of Soil __TOC__ Events January * January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
* †''Polygnathus ovaliformis'' Izokh 2025 * †''Polygnathus peltatus'' Yuan & Sun
2023 Catastrophic natural disasters in 2023 included the Lists of 21st-century earthquakes, 5th-deadliest earthquake of the 21st century 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, striking Turkey and Syria, leaving up to 62,000 people dead; Cyclone Freddy ...
* †''Polygnathus pollocki'' Druce 1976 * †''Polygnathus postvogesi'' Plotitsyn & Zhuravlev
2017 2017 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly. Events January * January 1 – Istanbul nightclub shooting: A gunman dressed as Santa Claus opens fire at the ...
* †''Polygnathus praeinversus'' Lu et al.
2018 Events January * January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency. * January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...
* †''Polygnathus pseudocommunis'' Wang et al.
2016 2016 was designated as: * International Year of Pulses by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. * International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Internationa ...
* †''Polygnathus pseudocostatus'' Klapper & Vodrážková
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
* †''Polygnathus ramoni'' Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus robertensis'' Vodrazkova et al. 2011 * †''Polygnathus rossicus'' Zhuravlev 2000 * †''Polygnathus sagittiformis'' Yuan & Sun 2023 * †''Polygnathus salixensis'' Vodrazkova et al. 2011 * †''Polygnathus settedabanicus'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
* †''Polygnathus sharyuensis'' Ovnatanova et al.
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
* †''Polygnathus varcus'' Stauffer 1940 * †''Polygnathus wapanuckensis'' Harlton 1933 * †''Polygnathus wuqingnaensis'' Huang et al. 2023 * †''Polygnathus yakutensis'' Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...


Use in stratigraphy

The
Tournaisian The Tournaisian is in the ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Mississippian, the oldest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Tournaisian age lasted from Ma to Ma. It is preceded by the Famennian (the uppermost st ...
, the oldest age of the Mississippian (also known as Lower Carboniferous), contains eight conodont biozones, one of which is defined by a ''Polygnathus'' species: * the zone of ''
Gnathodus ''Gnathodus'' is an extinct conodont genus in the family Idiognathodontidae. Use in stratigraphy The Tournaisian, the oldest age of the Mississippian (geology), Mississippian (also known as Lower Carboniferous), contains eight conodont biozon ...
pseudosemiglaber'' and '' Scaliognathus anchoralis'' * the zone of ''Gnathodus semiglaber'' and ''Polygnathus communis'' * the zone of '' Dollymae bouckaerti'' * the zone of ''Gnathodus typicus'' and ''
Siphonodella ''Siphonodella'' is an extinct genus of conodonts. ''Siphonodella banraiensis'' is from the Late Devonian of Thailand. ''Siphonodella nandongensis'' is from the Early Carboniferous of the Baping Formation in China.New material of the Early Car ...
isosticha'' * the zone of ''Siphonodella quadruplicata'' and '' Patrognathus andersoni'' (upper zone of ''Patrognathus andersoni'') * the lower zone of ''Patrognathus andersoni'' * the zone of ''Patrognathus variabilis'' * the zone of ''Patrognathus crassus''


See also

*
List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points This is a list of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points. Since 1977, Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (abbreviated GSSPs) are internationally agreed upon reference points on stratigraphic sections of rock which define the ...


References


External links

*
''Polygnathus''
at
fossilworks Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was cr ...
.org (retrieved 1 May 2016) Ozarkodinida genera Paleozoic life of Ontario Paleozoic life of Yukon {{Conodont-stub