The

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Podalyrieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

Description

The Podalyrieae arose 30.5 ± 2.6 million years ago (in the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

) in the

fynbos Fynbos (; , ) is a small belt of natural shrubland or heathland vegetation located in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. The area is predominantly coastal and mountainous, with a Mediterranean climate. The fynbos ...

(

Cape Floristic Region The Cape Floral Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province. The Cap ...

) of

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

and is still mostly found there. All members of the tribe exhibit either nonsprouting or

sprouting Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germination, germinate and put out Shoot (botany), shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other Plant development#Adventitious structures, structures expe ...

fire survival strategies. Many species are pollinated by insects, especially carpenter bees, while others are pollinated by sunbirds or

rodents Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...

. The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to ...

have been identified:

"imparipinnately compound leaves, axillary racemose
inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...
s, carboxylic acid esters of quinolizidine alkaloids, and the
isoflavone Isoflavones are a type of naturally-occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans. Although isoflavones and closely-related phytoestrogens ar ...
3′-hydroxydaidzein as a major seed
flavonoid Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word ''flavus'', meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. Chemically, flavonoids ...
" as well as "strongly reduced or absent bracteoles and the occurrence of persistent antipodals in the female gametophyte."

Subtribes and genera

Subtribe Xiphothecinae

* '' Amphithalea'' Eckl. & Zeyh. * '' Xiphotheca'' Eckl. & Zeyh.

Subtribe Podalyriinae

* '' Calpurnia'' E. Mey. * '' Liparia'' L. * '' Podalyria'' Willd. * '' Stirtonanthus'' B.-E. van Wyk & A. L. Schutte * ''

Virgilia Virgilia is the wife of Coriolanus in William Shakespeare's play ''Coriolanus'' (1607–1610), in which same play Volumnia is his mother. Origins The life of the legendary figure Caius Marcius Coriolanus has been recorded more than once. In ...

'' Poir.

Unassigned

* '' Cadia'' Forssk. * ''

Cyclopia Cyclopia (named after the Greek mythology characters cyclopes), also known as alobar holoprosencephaly, is the most extreme form of holoprosencephaly and is a congenital disorder (birth defect) characterized by the failure of the embryonic prosen ...

'' Vent.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7206616 Fabaceae tribes