''Pluteus'' is a large

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

fungi A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...

with over 300 species. They are wood rotting saprobes with pink

spore print 300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print. A 3.5-centimeter ...

s and

gills A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...

that are free from the

stem Stem or STEM may refer to: Plant structures * Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang * Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure * Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushr ...

. The Latin word ''Pluteus'' means ''shed or penthouse''.

Characteristics of the genus

Characteristics of the ''Pluteus'' genus are: #These fungi grow on wood or wood remains. #The spore powder is deep pink, soon giving a pink tint to the initially pale gills. #The gills are free from the stipe. #There is no volva or ring (exception: the rare recently reclassified North American species ''P. mammillatus'', previously ''Chamaeota sphaerospora''). #Microscopically, they often have abundant, distinctive

cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...

. The spores are smooth and roughly egg-shaped. ''Pluteus'' is separated from ''

Volvariella ''Volvariella'' is a genus of mushrooms with deep salmon pink gills and spore prints. Description They lack a ring, and have an Amanita-like volva at the stem base. Some species of Amanita look similar, but Amanita has white spores and often ...

'' due to the lack of a volva, and from '' Entoloma'' by growing on wood and by microscopic features (''Entolomas'' have angular spores).

Naming

The name ''Pluteus'' was established in 1837 by the founding mycologist Elias Magnus Fries at a time when agaric mushrooms were first being assigned to different genera. The Latin word "pluteus" has various meanings related to military protective structures and its signification here may be that of a shield (the shape of the cap). Etymology section of

Remarks on particular species

Some of these mushrooms are edible including ''P. petasatus'' and '' P. cervinus'', though most people rate their taste and consistency as average at best. ''Pluteus cervinus'' is the best known species in Europe and North America. Several species of this genus bruise blue and contain

psilocybin Psilocybin ( , ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi. The most potent are members of the genus ''Psilocybe'', such as '' P. azurescens'', '' P. semilanceata'', and '' P.&n ...

including '' Pluteus brunneidiscus'', '' Pluteus salicinus'', '' Pluteus cyanopus'', ''

Pluteus glaucus ''Pluteus glaucus'' is a mushroom in the family Pluteaceae. Chemistry 0.28% psilocybin, 0.12% psilocin (Stijve and de Meijer 1993). See also * List of ''Pluteus'' species *List of Psilocybin mushrooms References {{Taxonbar, from=Q7205662 F ...

'', '' Pluteus nigroviridis'', '' Pluteus phaeocyanopus'' and '' Pluteus villosus''.Fungifama site
/ref>

Characteristics of the genus

Naming

Remarks on particular species

See also

References

Further reading