''Plasmodium gallinaceum'' is a
species of the genus ''
Plasmodium'' (subgenus ''
Haemamoeba
''Haemamoeba'' is a subgenus of the genus ''Plasmodium'' — all of which are parasites. The subgenus was created in 1963 by created by Corradetti ''et al.''. Species in this subgenus infect birds.
__TOC__ Diagnostic features
Species in the su ...
'') that causes
malaria in
poultry.
Description
This species was described by
Alexandre Joseph Emile Brumpt (1877–1951) a French professor of parasitology during a trip to
Ceylon
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
(now Sri Lanka).
Vectors
''
Aedes aegypti'' is a
vector.
Virulence factors
Circumsporozoite protein
Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a secreted protein of the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite (''Plasmodium'' sp.) and is the antigenic target of RTS,S and other malaria vaccines. The amino-acid sequence of CSP consists of an immunodominan ...
(CSP) is required for host invasion. Warburg ''et al.'', 1992 provides a
monoclonal antibody against CSP and demonstrates efficacy. The complete inhibition of
sporozoite colonization of ''Aedes aegypti''
salivary glands they achieved could be due to the antibody itself blocking contact between the sporozoites and the gland surface, however
the antibody's binding is inhibited by a particular CSP motif, suggesting antibody efficacy ''is'' due to its anti-CSP effect.
This 15-
amino acid motif is one found by the original Dame ''et al.'', 1984 discovery of CSP which contains the 5-length CSP Region I.
Pathology
Infection produces severe changes in
blood plasma composition.
Williams 2005 finds large changes in
plasma proteins at 8 days post infection.
There is a reduction in
albumin,
α2-globulin, and
creatinine.
Meanwhile there is an increase in
γ1-globulin,
γ2-globulin, total plasma protein, and total plasma
enzyme.
(The enzyme increase is due to an increase in
aspartate aminotransferase,
glutamate dehydrogenase, and
γ-glutamyltransferase.)
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]
References
Further reading
{{plasmodium-stub
Poultry diseases
gallinaceum
Veterinary protozoology
Parasites of birds