Piloncillo

Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other names in Latin America, such as ''chancaca'' in Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, ''piloncillo'' in Mexico (where ''panela'' refers to a type of cheese, '' queso panela''). Just like brown sugar, two varieties of ''piloncillo'' are available; one is lighter () and one darker (''oscuro''). Unrefined, it is commonly used in Mexico, where it has been around for at least 500 years. Made from crushed sugar cane, the juice is collected, boiled, and poured into molds, where it hardens into blocks. It is similar to jaggery, which is used in South Asia. Both are considered non-centrifugal cane sugars.

Panela is sold in many forms, including liquid, granulated, and solid blocks, and is used in the canning of foods, as well as in confectionery, soft drinks, baking, and vinegar, beer, and winemaking.

Economics

The main producer of panela is Colombia (about 1.4 million tons/year), where panela production is one of the most important economic activities, with the highest index of panela consumption per capita worldwide. Panela is also produced in Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Brazil, and Bolivia (where it is called ''chankaka'' or ''empanizao'').

In Colombia, the panela industry is an important source of employment, with about 350,000 people working in nearly 20,000 ''trapiches'' (panela farms). In 2003, Colombian sugarcane contributed 4.2% of the value of agricultural production (not counting coffee) and 1.9% of national agricultural activity of that country. That year, it was ninth in contributions to production value.

Similarly, it represents 10.7% of the area for permanent crops and 6.2% of the total area cultivated in Colombia, sixth place among the country's crops, behind only coffee, corn, rice, bananas, and cotton. This product is produced predominantly in the rural economy, the basic economy of 236 municipalities in 12 national departments.

An estimated 70,000 farm units cultivate sugarcane for mills, which generate more than 25 million annually in wages, employing around 350,000 people, or 12% of the economically active rural population, making it the second-largest employer after agricultural coffee production.

Worldwide, the Colombians are the largest consumers of sugarcane, at more than per capita. To the extent it is a low-cost sweetener with important contributions of minerals and trace amounts of vitamins, high intake occurs mainly in strata. Panela consumption represents 2.18% of expenditures on food and in some areas accounts for up to 9% of food expenditures in low-income sectors.

Uses

Panela was originally created as an easier way to transport sugar.

It is used to make '' chancaca''. In Peru, ''chancaca'' is used in typical food such as '' champús'', '' picarones'', ''calabaza al horno'', and ''mazamorra cochina''. In Costa Rica, it is used in preparations such as ''tapa de dulce'' and ''agua de sapo''. In Chile, it is used for sweet '' sopaipillas''.

A very common use of panela in Colombia is for ''aguapanela'', one of its most widely consumed beverages, and an important source of calories for working people, especially in rural areas. It is also used in the preparation of '' guarapo'' and various desserts. Since it is a very solid block, some Colombian homes have a hard river stone (''la piedra de la panela'') to break the panela into smaller, more manageable pieces. Panela can be purchased in markets, local grocers, and online stores. In parts of coastal Colombia, it is also used for ''chancacas''.

Known as ''piloncillo'' in México, it is most often seen in the shape of small, truncated cones. Many Mexican desserts are made with'' piloncillo'', such as ''atole, capirotada, champurrado,'' and '' flan''. It is also blended with different spices, such as anise, cayenne, or chocolate.

In the Philippines, '' panocha'' or in Tagalog ''panutsá'', is traditionally used as an ingredient for '' latík'' and ''kalamay'', as well as a comfort food eaten straight.

In Venezuela, it is an essential ingredient for many typical recipes, although production of panela in the country dropped precipitously across the 20th century.

Health claims

Panela manufacturers and advocates claim the substance to be healthier than refined sugar, suggesting it has immunological benefits, a lower glycemic index, and higher micronutrient content. As the authors of ''The Ultimate Guide to Sugars and Sweeteners'' point out, "it's still sugar", with only a trace amount more vitamins and minerals, and little research to support other claims.

Regional names

* Chancaca in Bolivia, Chile and Peru; also the name of a sweet sauce made from this

* ''Dulce de panela'' or ''dulce de atado'' in El Salvador
* ''Đường phên'' in Vietnam

* ''Nam oy'' in Laos

* Panela in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
* ''Panocha'' in the Mexican State of Sinaloa and the Philippines
* ''Papelón'' in Venezuela
* ''Piloncillo'' ("little pylon", so named for the cone shape) in Mexico and Spain

* ''Rapadou'' in Haiti
* Rapadura in Argentina, Brazil, the Canary Islands, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Dominican Republic
* Raspadura in Cuba, Ecuador, Panama and Uruguay

* ''Tapa de dulce'' or ''Dulce (de tapa)'' in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

See also

*Caramelization
*Palm sugar
*'' Papelón con limón'', a drink made with panela
*'' Peen tong'', a Chinese slab brown sugar and sugar candy

References

External links

*
*
*

{{Sugar

Agriculture in Colombia
Colombian cuisine
Economy of Colombia
Ecuadorian cuisine
Food technology
Latin American cuisine
Mexican cuisine
Filipino cuisine
Types of sugar
Sugar production
Brazilian cuisine