Pieter Rijke
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Petrus Leonardus Rijke (11 July 1812 – 7 April 1899) was a Dutch
physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...
, and a professor in
experimental physics Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...
at the
University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Neth ...
. Rijke spent his scientific career exploring the physics of electricity, and is known for the
Rijke tube The Rijke tube is a cylindrical tube with both ends open, inside of which a heat source is placed that turns heat into sound, by creating a self-amplifying standing wave, due to thermo-acoustic instability. It is an entertaining phenomenon in acou ...
. On 1 July 1852 he married Johanna Hamaker. They had 6 sons and 6 daughters.


Early years and education

Rijke was born in
Hemmen Hemmen is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Overbetuwe, 1 km northwest of Zetten Zetten is a village in the Overbetuwe municipality, Gelderland, Netherlands. The village is located in the Be ...
, (now
Overbetuwe Overbetuwe () is a municipality in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 January 2001 as a merger of three former municipalities: Elst, Heteren and Valburg. Overbetuwe is bordered in the north by the river Rhine and ...
municipality),
Gelderland Gelderland ( , ), also known as Guelders ( ) in English, is a Provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands, located in the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Nethe ...
. His father, Dirk Rijke, was a pastor. His mother was Elisabeth Pieternella Beausar. From 1830 Rijke studied physics under at the
University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Neth ...
, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1836. The title of his Ph.D. thesis was "De origine electricitatis voltaicae".


Academic career

In 1835 he was appointed professor of physics at the Royal Athenaeum in
Maastricht Maastricht ( , , ; ; ; ) is a city and a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the southeastern Netherlands. It is the capital city, capital and largest city of the province of Limburg (Netherlands), Limburg. Maastricht is loca ...
. In 1845 he became
extraordinary professor Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', ...
and in 1854 he was promoted to full professor of physics at the University of
Leiden Leiden ( ; ; in English language, English and Archaism, archaic Dutch language, Dutch also Leyden) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Nethe ...
. There he started a physics laboratory with a large collection of scientific instruments. His most important students were H.A. Lorentz and J.D. van der Waals. He retired in 1882, and was succeeded by
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (; 21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch Experimental physics, experimental physicist. After studying in Groningen and Heidelberg, he became Professor of Experimental Physics at Leiden University, where he tau ...
as professor of
experimental physics Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...
at the
University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Neth ...
. Rijke became a member of the
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (, KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. In addition to various advisory a ...
in 1863.


Publications




See also

*
Rijke tube The Rijke tube is a cylindrical tube with both ends open, inside of which a heat source is placed that turns heat into sound, by creating a self-amplifying standing wave, due to thermo-acoustic instability. It is an entertaining phenomenon in acou ...


References


External links

* H.A.M. Snelders
''Rijke, Petrus Leonardus (1812-1899)''
in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. (In Dutch).

of Pieter Rijke * Vasco Verlaan

master's thesis, University of Utrecht, 2003 (In Dutch).

of Pieter Rijke * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rijke, Petrus Leonardus 1812 births 1899 deaths People from Overbetuwe 19th-century Dutch physicists Academic staff of Leiden University Leiden University alumni Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences