Picipes Badius

''Picipes badius'' (formerly ''Royoporus badius''), commonly known as the black-footed polypore or black-leg, is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It has a dark brown or reddish-brown cap that reaches a diameter of , and a stipe that is often completely black or brown at the top and black at the base. It causes a white rot of hardwoods and conifers in temperate areas of Eurasia and North America.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in the scientific literature in 1801 by Christian Hendrik Persoon, who named it ''Boletus badius''. American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz transferred the species to ''Polyporus'' in 1832, and it was known by this name until 1997, when De transferred the species into the genus '' Royoporus'', which he had described the year before.

Polyporaceae species that are closely phylogenetically related to ''Picipes badius'' include '' Polyporus dictyopus'', '' Polyporus melanopus'', and ''Polyporus tubaeformis'', which have clamp connections on generative hyphae and a similar ecology. Zmitrovich & Kovalenko proposed the new genus ''Picipes'' for this fungus together with ''P. melanopus'' and ''P. tubaeformis''; according to Species Fungorum, ''Picipes badius'' is the correct current name.

The specific epithet ''badius'' derives from the Latin root ''badi-'', meaning "reddish brown". The common names "black-footed polypore" and "black-leg" refer to its characteristic dark-colored stipe.

Description

The fruit bodies tend to be upright, growing solitary or in groups, sometimes with two or more fruit bodies arising from a common stipe. The cap is circular or kidney-shaped, and often lobed or with a wavy edge.

When young, the fruit bodies are convex, then become flat or funnel-shaped in maturity, reaching dimensions of across by thick. The upper cap surface is smooth and glossy, but develops radial wrinkles as it ages. The color of the cap is brown, often darker in the center and lighter-colored at the margins; it may blacken with age.

The under-surface is white or cream-colored, yellowing when old. The pores are round and number 4–8 per mm, while the shallow tubes are adnate to decurrent (running down the length of the stipe). The stipe, attached to the cap either centrally or laterally, is long by thick, velvety and dark brown to blackish-brown, black and longitudinally wrinkled when old. The fruit bodies are inedible because of their tough texture.

The spores are ellipsoid or cylindrical, hyaline (translucent), smooth, and 7.5–9 by 3–5 Î¼m. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped with a narrow base, and have dimensions of 20–30 by 7–9 Î¼m. Like other members of the genus ''Polyporus'', this species has a dimitic hyphal construction, meaning that the hyphae are made of both generative hyphae and skeleto-ligative hyphae, a feature which tends to make the mushroom tissue hard and woody. There are no cystidia in the hymenium. The fungus has been shown to produce asexual spores when grown in pure culture conditions.

Habitat and distribution

''Picipes badius'' is a saprobic species, and causes white rot. It grows on the standing or fallen trunks and branches of various hardwood genera, including '' Acer'', ''Aesculus'', ''Alnus'', ''Betula'', ''Castanea'', ''Fagus'', ''Fraxinus'', ''Populus'', ''Prunus'', ''Robinia'', ''Quercus'', ''Salix'', ''Tilia'' and ''Ulmus''. The fungus grows in temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q327708, from2=Q96636858

Polyporaceae
Fungi of Asia
Fungi of Australia
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Fungi described in 1783
Inedible fungi
Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
Fungus species