''Phoxinus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Leuciscidae Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnow ...

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid ( carps and their kin) fish, such as barbs, loaches, botias, and minnows (among others). Cypriniformes is an "order-within-an-order", placed ...

, and the only members of the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus ''Phoxinus'' is found throughout

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

, and includes 21 known

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

. Previously, members of the North American genus '' Chrosomus'' were also believed to form part of this genus.

Species

''Phoxinus'' contains the following species: * '' Phoxinus abanticus''

Turan Turan (; ; , , ) is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical region, or a culture. The original Turanians were an Iranian tribe of th ...

, Bayçelebi, Özuluğ, Gaygusuz & Aksu, 2023 * '' Phoxinus adagumicus'' Artaev, Turbanov, Bolotovskiy, Gandlin & Levin, 2024 * '' Phoxinus bigerri'' Kottelat, 2007 (Pyrenean minnow) * '' Phoxinus brachyurus''

Berg Berg may refer to: People *Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * General Berg (disambiguation) * Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor * Berg (footballer, born 1963), Ninimbergue dos Santos Guerra, Brazilian footba ...

, 1912 (Seven Rivers minnow) * '' Phoxinus chrysoprasius'' (

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pa ...

, 1814) * '' Phoxinus colchicus'' Berg, 1910. * '' Phoxinus csikii'' Hankó, 1922 (Danube minnow) * '' Phoxinus dragarum'' Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith, 2020 (Garonne minnow) * '' Phoxinus fayollarum'' Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith, 2020 (Loire minnow) * '' Phoxinus grumi'' Berg, 1907 * '' Phoxinus isetensis'' ( Georgi, 1775) * '' Phoxinus issykkulensis'' Berg, 1912 (Issyk-kul' minnow) * '' Phoxinus karsticus'' Bianco & De Bonis, 2015 (Karst minnow) * '' Phoxinus krkae'' Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar, 2019 (Krka minnow) * '' Phoxinus lumaireul'' ( Schinz 1840) (Balkan Italic minnow) * '' Phoxinus marsilii'' Heckel, 1836 (Baltic minnow) * '' Phoxinus oxyrhynchus'' (

Mori Mori is a Japanese and Italian surname. It is also the name of two clans in Japan, and one clan in India. Italian surname * Camilo Mori, Chilean painter * Cesare Mori, Italian "Iron Prefect" * Claudia Mori, Italian actress, singer, televisio ...

1930) * '' Phoxinus phoxinus'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) (Eurasian or common minnow) * '' Phoxinus poljakowii'' Kessler, 1879 (Balkhash minnow) * '' Phoxinus radeki'' Bayçelebi, Aksu & Turan, 2024 * '' Phoxinus septimaniae'' Kottelat, 2007 (Languedoc minnow) * '' Phoxinus strandjae'' Drensky, 1926 (Bulgarian minnow) * '' Phoxinus strymonicus'' Kottelat, 2007 (Aegean minnow) * '' Phoxinus tchangi'' X. Y. Chen, 1988 * '' Phoxinus tumensis'' Luo, 1996 * '' Phoxinus ujmonensis'' Kaschenko, 1899 FOS436

A single fossil phoxinine is known, the genus †'' Palaeorutilus'' Gaudant, 1988 from the early to late

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

of Europe.

References

{{Authority control Leuciscidae Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Freshwater fish genera