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The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family 
# '' Abaxisotima''
# '' Agnapha''
# '' Bulbistridulous''
# '' Ducetia''
# '' Kuwayamaea''
# ''
Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family (biology), family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the subo ...
. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus '' Phaneroptera'' (type species '' P. falcata''), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old W ...
and Odonturini
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old W ...
have become brachypterous
Brachyptery is an anatomical condition in which an animal has very reduced wings. Such animals or their wings may be described as "brachypterous". Another descriptor for very small wings is microptery.
Brachypterous wings generally are not functi ...
.
Description
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly allOrthoptera
Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – gras ...
, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs. Phaneropterinae are generally well-camouflaged
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the b ...
with green and brown colors being most prevalent, but there are exceptions including certain '' Aganacris'' and '' Scaphura'' that are Batesian mimics of wasps.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally (scansorial), but others are exclusively arboreal. The hab ...
in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.
The ovipositor
The ovipositor is a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages. The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typica ...
and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.
Taxonomy
The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by Germanzoologist
Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one ...
Hermann Burmeister
Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister (also known as Carlos Germán Conrado Burmeister) (15 January 1807 – 2 May 1892) was a German Argentine zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, botany, botanist, and coleopterologist. He served as a professor at ...
. , Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.
Acrometopini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, the Middle East # ''Acrometopa
''Acrometopa'' is a genus of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. They are also known as false katy ...
''
# '' Altihoratosphaga''
# '' Conchotopoda''
# '' Horatosphaga''
# '' Lamecosoma''
# '' Peronura''
# '' Peronurella''
# '' Prosphaga''
# '' Tenerasphaga''
Amblycoryphini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Barbitistini
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Catoptropterigini
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa # '' Catoptropteryx'' Karsch, 1890 # '' Griffinipteryx'' Massa, 2016Ducetiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
# '' Abaxisotima''
# '' Agnapha''
# '' Bulbistridulous''
# '' Ducetia''
# '' Kuwayamaea''
# ''Noia
Noia () is a town and municipality in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is the capital of the comarca with the same name. It has a population of 14,947 inhabitants (2010),Paraducetia''
# '' Paragnapha''
# '' Prohimerta''
# '' Shirakisotima''
# '' Subibulbistridulous''
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
# '' Ectadia'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
# '' Elimaea'' Stål, 1874
# '' Hemielimaea'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
# '' Orthelimaea'' Karny, 1926
*'' Tylopsis'' Fieber, 1853
Dysoniini
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
Ectemnini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas # '' Ectemna'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 # '' Euthyrrhachis'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Elimaeini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
# '' Ectadia'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
# '' Elimaea'' Stål, 1874
# '' Hemielimaea'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
# '' Orthelimaea'' Karny, 1926
Holochlorini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-PacificInsarini
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas # '' Arethaea'' Stål, 1876 # '' Brachyinsara'' Rehn & Hebard, 1914 # '' Insara'' Walker, 1869 # '' Psilinsara'' Hebard, 1932Kevaniellini
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa # '' Kevaniella'' Chopard, 1954Letanini
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia # '' Himertula'' Uvarov, 1940 # '' Letana'' Walker, 1869Microcentrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – AmericasMirolliini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia # '' Amirollia'' Ingrisch, 2011 # '' Deflorita'' Bolívar, 1906 # '' Hemimirollia'' Ingrisch, 2011 # '' Hueikaeana'' Ingrisch, 1998 # '' Mirollia'' Stål, 1873Morgeniini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa # '' Mangomaloba'' Sjöstedt, 1902 # '' Morgenia'' Karsch, 1890Odonturini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islandsOtiaphysini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa *'' Debrona'' Walker, 1870 *'' Drepanophyllum'' Karsch, 1890 *'' Stenamblyphyllum'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Tetraconcha'' Karsch, 1890Pardalotini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa *'' Pardalota'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *'' Poecilogramma'' Karsch, 1887Percynini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America *'' Percyna'' Grant, 1964 *'' Sictuna'' Walker, 1869Phaneropterini
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
Phlaurocentrini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa *'' Buettneria'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Leiodontocercus'' Chopard, 1954 *'' Phlaurocentrum'' Karsch, 1889Phyllopterini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Plagiopleurini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America *'' Diplophyllus'' Saussure, 1859 *'' Parableta'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 *'' Plagiopleura'' Stål, 1873Plangiopsidini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa *'' Plangiola'' Bolívar, 1906 *'' Plangiopsis'' Karsch, 1889Poreuomenini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa *'' Cestromoecha'' Karsch, 1893 *'' Paraporeuomena'' Massa, 2018 *'' Poreuomena'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878Preussiini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa *'' Enochletica'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Preussia'' Karsch, 1890 *'' Weissenbornia'' Karsch, 1888Pycnopalpini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South AmericaScudderiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Steirodontini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – subtropical and tropical parts of the Americas *'' Cnemidophyllum'' Rehn, 1917 *'' Emsleyfolium'' Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016 *'' Nicklephyllum'' Cadena-Castañeda, 2016 *'' Steirodon'' Serville, 1831 *'' Stilpnochlora'' Stål, 1873Terpnistrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka #'' Diogena'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 #'' Gelotopoia'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 #'' Terpnistria'' Stål, 1873 #'' Terpnistrioides'' Ragge, 1980 #'' Tropidophrys'' Karsch, 1896Trachyzulphini
Auth.: Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia #'' Trachyzulpha'' Dohrn, 1892Trigonocoryphini
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia *'' Cosmozoma'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Megotoessa'' Karsch, 1889 *'' Trigonocorypha'' Stål, 1873Tylopsidini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
*'' Tylopsis'' Fieber, 1853
Vossiini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, AsiaZeuneriini
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa *'' Gravenreuthia'' Karsch, 1892 *'' Zeuneria'' Karsch, 1889Genus groups
Genus groups include:
''
Incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
References
External links
* {{Authority control Orthoptera subfamilies