Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a leading

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

, graphic and

industrial design Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical Product (business), products that are to be manufactured by mass production. It is the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features, which takes place in adva ...

er, best known for his early pioneering AEG Turbine Hall in Berlin in 1909. He had a long career, designing objects, typefaces, and important buildings in a range of styles from the 1900s to the 1930s. He was a founding member of the German Werkbund in 1907, when he also began designing for AEG, pioneered corporate design, graphic design, producing typefaces, objects, and buildings for the company. In the next few years, he became a successful architect, a leader of the rationalist / classical German

Reform Movement Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social system, social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more Radicalism (politics), radical social movements such as re ...

of the 1910s. After the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, he turned to

Brick Expressionism The term Brick Expressionism () describes a specific variant of Expressionist architecture that uses bricks, tiles or clinker bricks as the main visible building material. Buildings in the style were erected mostly in the 1920s, primarily in Ge ...

, designing the remarkable Hoechst Administration Building outside Frankfurt, and from the mid-1920s increasingly to

New Objectivity The New Objectivity (in ) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against German Expressionism, expressionism. The term was coined by Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, the director of the ''Kunsthalle Mannheim, Kunsthalle' ...

. He was also an educator, heading the architecture school at

Academy of Fine Arts Vienna The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna () is a public art school in Vienna, Austria. Founded in 1688 as a private academy, it is now a public university. The academy is also known for twice rejecting admission to a young Adolf Hitler in 1907 and 1908. ...

from 1922 to 1936. As a well known architect he produced design across Germany, in other European countries, Russia and England. Several of the leading names of European modernism worked for him when they were starting out in the 1910s, including

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( ; ; born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect, academic, and interior designer. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. He is regarded as one of the pionee ...

Le Corbusier Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , ; ), was a Swiss-French architectural designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture ...

and

Walter Gropius Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-born American architect and founder of the Bauhaus, Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of ...

Career

Behrens attended the Christianeum Hamburg from September 1877 until Easter 1882. He studied painting in his native

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...

, as well as in

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

and

Karlsruhe Karlsruhe ( ; ; ; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, third-largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart a ...

, from 1886 to 1889. In 1890, he married Lilly Kramer and moved to

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

. At first, he worked as a

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

illustrator An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicate ...

and

bookbinder Bookbinding is the process of building a book, usually in codex format, from an ordered stack of paper sheets with one's hands and tools, or in modern publishing, by a series of automated processes. Firstly, one binds the sheets of papers alon ...

in an artisanal fashion. He frequented circles that engaged in

bohemianism Bohemianism is a social and cultural movement that has, at its core, a way of life away from society's conventional norms and expectations. The term originates from the French ''bohème'' and spread to the English-speaking world. It was used to ...

and was interested in subjects related to the reform of lifestyles. During the 1890s Behrens was, alongside Fritz Erler and Wilhelm von Debschitz, among those applied artists who managed to find work in Munich. In the

Munich Secession The Munich Secession (German language, German Münchener Secession) was an association of visual artists who broke away from the mainstream Munich Artists' Association in 1892, to promote and defend their art in the face of what they considered ...

young artists called for art that reflected modern German life. In 1899 Behrens accepted the invitation of the Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse to be the second member of his recently inaugurated Darmstadt Artists' Colony, where Behrens built his own

Jugendstil (; "Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany, Austria and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German and Austrian cou ...

style house in 1901, and fully conceived everything, from furniture to towels, paintings, pottery, etc. The building of this house is considered to be the turning point in his life, when he left the artistic circles of Munich and showed himself to be a talented architect in his very first project. In 1903, Behrens was named director of the

Kunstgewerbeschule A Kunstgewerbeschule (English: ''School of Arts and Crafts'' or S''chool of Applied Arts'') was a type of vocational arts school that existed in German-speaking countries from the mid-19th century. The term Werkkunstschule was also used for the ...

in Düsseldorf, where he implemented successful reforms, developing new ways of teaching design. In 1907, Behrens and ten other people (

Hermann Muthesius Adam Gottlieb Hermann Muthesius (20 April 1861 – 29 October 1927), known as Hermann Muthesius, was a German architect, author and diplomat, perhaps best known for promoting many of the ideas of the English Arts and Crafts movement within German ...

, Theodor Fischer,

Josef Hoffmann Josef Hoffmann (15 December 1870 – 7 May 1956) was an Austrians, Austrian-Sudeten Germans, Moravian architect and designer. He was among the founders of Vienna Secession and co-establisher of the Wiener Werkstätte. His most famous architect ...

, Joseph Maria Olbrich,

Bruno Paul Bruno Paul (19 January 1874 – 17 August 1968) was a German architect, illustrator, interior designer, and furniture designer. Trained as a painter in the royal academy just as the Munich Secession developed against academic art, he first ca ...

, Richard Riemerschmid, Fritz Schumacher, among others), plus twelve companies, gathered to create the German Werkbund. As an organization, it was clearly indebted to the principles and priorities of the

Arts and Crafts movement The Arts and Crafts movement was an international trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles and subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and America. Initiat ...

, but tending towards the classical in architecture. Members of the Werkbund were focused on improving the overall level of taste in Germany by improving the design of everyday objects and products. This very practical aspect made it an extremely influential organization among industrialists, public policy experts, designers, investors, critics and academics. His work in the early 1900s included a series of exhibition halls and pavilions, a crematorium and some private houses, which show a new direction immediately after his own Jugendstil house, towards exploring simple, rectilinear volumes and classical sources.

AEG

In 1907,

AEG The initials AEG are used for or may refer to: Common meanings * AEG (German company) ; AEG) was a German producer of electrical equipment. It was established in 1883 by Emil Rathenau as the ''Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte El ...

(''Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft'') retained Behrens as artistic consultant, and his AEG’s Turbine factory was the first large-scale demonstration of the viability and vitality of the Werkbund's initiatives and objectives. He designed the entire corporate identity (

logotype A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a ...

, product design, publicity, etc.) and for that he is considered the first

er in history. He also designed a series of factory buildings for them at their two Berlin factory sites, most famously the 1909 AEG Turbine Factory, at the

Moabit Moabit () is an inner city locality in the boroughs of Berlin, borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. As of 2022, about 84,000 people lived in Moabit. First inhabited in 1685 and incorporated into Berlin in 1861, the former industrial sector, industr ...

site, considered an early example of Modernism. He then went on to design four new buildings at the Humboldthain site, which showed that he was as much interested in massive, bold, classical and picturesque effects depending on the context, as expressing modernity. Since Peter Behrens was a consultant rather than an employee of AEG, he was free to work on other projects, and developed a highly successful architectural practice. In this period his growing office had many students and assistants, some who would go on become leading Modernists, including

, Adolf Meyer, Jean Kramer and

(later to become the first director of the

Bauhaus The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the , was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined Decorative arts, crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., ...

). Immediately after the AEG Turbine Hall, he designed a series of large office buildings in a bold monumental stripped classical form, part of the German Reform Architecture movement. His 1912 German Embassy in St Petersburg, and the Administration Building for

Continental AG Continental AG, commonly known as Continental and colloquially as Conti, is a German multinational automotive parts manufacturing company. Headquartered in Hanover, Lower Saxony, it is the world's third- largest automotive supplier and the fo ...

in Hannover, built 1912–1914 are examples of this period.

Brick Expressionism

After WW1 his work changed again, and like many German architects, he explored the themes and styles of

. Between 1920 and 1924, he was responsible for the design and construction of the Technical Administration Building of Hoechst AG in Höchst, outside Frankfurt. With its soaring atrium clad in coloured bricks representing the factory's dye products, and an exterior in dark clinker bricks with clocktower and dramatic arch, it is one of the most representative examples of the style in Germany. In 1922, he accepted an invitation to teach at the

, becoming head of the architecture school, a post he kept until 1936, whilst also designing for a range of clients across Europe. In 1926, Behrens was commissioned by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke to design a family home in

Northampton Northampton ( ) is a town and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is the county town of Northamptonshire and the administrative centre of the Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority of West Northamptonshire. The town is sit ...

UK. The house named 'New Ways', a stark white walled rectangular volume (with jagged parapets), is often regarded as probably the first modernist house in Britain, and marks Behrens' turn towards the Modernism of

Weissenhof Estate

In 1925 he was invited by his former student

Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( ; ; born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect, academic, and interior designer. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. He is regarded as one of the pionee ...

, along with many of the leading German architects working in the new style, to design a residential building in Stuttgart, in the development now known as the Weissenhof. His contribution was a set of apartments in stacked cubic volumes, allowing many apartments to open to large terraces.

Commissions and competitions

In 1928 Behrens won an international competition for the construction of the New Synagogue, in Zilina, Slovakia, which was restored in 2012–17 as a cultural centre. The same year he designed a renovation of the Feller-Stern department store in central

Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...

, Croatia, transforming it from

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...

to a complex almost

De Stijl De Stijl (, ; 'The Style') was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by a group of artists and architects based in Leiden (Theo van Doesburg, Jacobus Oud, J.J.P. Oud), Voorburg (Vilmos Huszár, Jan Wils) and Laren, North Holland, Laren (Piet Mo ...

Modernist composition. His 1931 hillside villa for the Clara Gans, daughter of Frankfurt industrialist Adolf Gans, was a similarly complex interplay of rectangular volumes, clad in stone, a fine example of

. In 1929, Behrens was invited to the competition for the design of buildings around a proposed radical redesign of

Alexanderplatz (, ''Alexander Square'') is a large public square and transport hub in the central Mitte district of Berlin. The square is named after the Russian Tsar Alexander I, which also denotes the larger neighbourhood stretching from in the north-ea ...

in Berlin, and though he came second, his designs for the buildings on the south west side of the new square was preferred by the subsequent developer, and the Alexanderhaus and the Berolinahaus were built by 1932. In 1929, Behrens, in partnership with former student Alexander Popp, was commissioned to design a new factory for the state-run Austria Tabak in

Linz Linz (Pronunciation: , ; ) is the capital of Upper Austria and List of cities and towns in Austria, third-largest city in Austria. Located on the river Danube, the city is in the far north of Austria, south of the border with the Czech Repub ...

, which was built over a long period, due to the economic conditions, finally completed in 1935. The main building has a very long completely horizontal slightly curved facade, Behrens' most striking design in the style of

Rebuilding Berlin

In 1936 Behrens left Vienna to teach architecture at the

Prussian Academy of Arts The Prussian Academy of Arts () was a state arts academy first established in 1694 by prince-elector Frederick III of Electorate of Brandenburg, Brandenburg in Berlin, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and later king in Kingdom of ...

(now the ''

Akademie der Künste The Academy of Arts () is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany. The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector F ...

'') in Berlin, reportedly with the specific approval of

Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

. Behrens participated in Hitler's plans for the rebuilding of Berlin with the commission for the new headquarters of the AEG on

Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of W ...

's famous planned north–south axis. Speer reported that his selection of Behrens for this commission was rejected by the powerful

Alfred Rosenberg Alfred Ernst Rosenberg ( – 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German Nazi theorist and ideologue. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart and he held several important posts in the Nazi government. He was the head o ...

, but that his decision was supported by Hitler who admired Behrens's Saint Petersburg Embassy. Behrens died in the Hotel Bristol in Berlin on 27 February 1940, while seeking refuge there from his country estate.

List of projects

1900–1901: Behrens house on

Mathildenhöhe The Darmstadt Artists' Colony refers both to a group of Jugendstil artists as well as to the buildings in Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt in which these artists lived and worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, near to the Rosenhöhe Park. ...

Darmstadt Darmstadt () is a city in the States of Germany, state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Area, Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the ...

* 1905–1907: Villa Obenauer in Saarbrücken * 1905–1908: Eduard Müller Crematorium in Hagen-Delstern * 1906: Interior design of the state and city library in the extension of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Düsseldorf * 1908–1909: AEG Turbine hall, Berlin-Moabit * 1908–1909: Schröder house in Hagen (destroyed in World War II) * 1909–1910: Catholic Fellowship House in Neuss * 1909–1910: Villa Cuno in Hagen *1909–10: High Voltage Factory, AEG, Berlin – Humboldthain * 1910: Boathouse "Elektra" for the ''Berlin rowing company "Elektra"'' in Berlin-Oberschöneweide, founded in 1908 as a rowing club for employees and civil servants of the AEG * 1910: Exhibition hall (temporary wooden structure, named Hetzerhalle) for the German Railways with a span of 43 meters for the Brussels World Exhibition in 1910, built by the entrepreneur Otto Hetzer from Weimar * 1911: Gasworks Ost in Frankfurt am Main, Osthafen * 1911: AEG factory settlement in Hennigsdorf * 1911–1912: Mannesmann House in Düsseldorf * 1911–1912: German Embassy in Saint Petersburg * 1911–1912: House for government architect C. H. Goedecke in Hagen * 1911–1912: Wiegand house, home for the archaeologist and museum director

Theodor Wiegand Theodor Wiegand (30 October 1864 – 19 December 1936) was a German archaeologist. Wiegand was born in Bendorf, Rhenish Prussia. He studied at the universities of Munich, Berlin, and Freiburg. In 1894 he worked under Wilhelm Dörpfeld at th ...

in Berlin-Dahlem, today the seat of the

German Archaeological Institute The German Archaeological Institute (, ''DAI'') is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office, Federal Foreign Office of Germany. Status, tasks and ...

* 1912: AEG Large Motors Factory, Berlin – Humboldthain * 1912–1914: Administration building of

in Hanover (extension 1919–1920), today the House of Economic Development * 1913: AEG Small Motors Factory, Berlin – Humboldthain * 1914: Frank & Lehmann office building in Cologne, 37 Unter Sachsenhausen * 1914–1917: Factory for the National Automobile Society (NAG) in Berlin-Oberschöneweide (later the factory for television electronics, called Peter- Behrens-Bau) * 1915: Wuhlheide forest settlement in Berlin-Karlshorst, Hegemeisterweg * 1918: Oberschöneweide settlement in Berlin (built 1919–21 to plans by others, Behrens only designed some single family houses) * 1919: Workers' and master craftsmen's settlement for Deutsche Werft AG in Hamburg-Finkenwerder * 1921–1925: Technical administration building of Hoechst AG in Frankfurt-Höchst * 1921–1925: Administration building of the Gutehoffnungshütte in Oberhausen * 1925: Tomb for Friedrich Ebert in Heidelberg, in the mountain cemetery * 1925–1926: College of St. Benedict in Salzburg *1926: 'New Ways',

, UK *

1927: Apartment house in the Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart (lots 31 + 32) * 1928: Reconstruction of Feller-Stern department store,

Ban Jelačić Square Ban Jelačić Square (; ) is the central square of the city of Zagreb, Croatia, named after ban Josip Jelačić. Its official name is and is colloquially called . The square is located below Zagreb's old city cores Gradec and Kaptol, just di ...

, Croatia * 1928–1929: U-Bahn stations, line U 8 in Berlin (

Moritzplatz Moritzplatz is a Berlin U-Bahn List of Berlin U-Bahn stations, station located on the line. Peter Behrens constructed this unusual subway station in Berlin in 1928. It was closed briefly in 1945, and between 1961 and 1990 it was the last statio ...

, Bernauer Straße, Voltastraße, designed 1912) * 1928–1930: '' Franz-Domes-Hof'' in Vienna – Margareten * 1929: Residence for

Kurt Lewin Kurt Lewin ( ; ; 9 September 1890 – 12 February 1947) was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social psychology, social, industrial and organizational psychology, organizational, and applied psychology in the ...

in Berlin- Nikolassee, Waldsängerpfad 3 * 1929–1930: Group of apartment buildings in Berlin- Westend, Bolivarallee 9 * 1929–1931: Villa Gans in

Kronberg im Taunus Kronberg im Taunus (, ) is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority, Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy w ...

, Falkensteiner Straße 19, Hesse * 1929–1931: Synagogue in

Žilina Žilina (; ; ; ; Names of European cities in different languages: U-Z#Z, names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the List of cities ...

, Kuzmányho 1 * 1929–1935:

Tobacco factory The Tobacco Factory is the last remaining part of the old W. D. & H. O. Wills tobacco factory site on Raleigh Road, Southville, Bristol. It was saved from demolition by the architect and former mayor of the city George Ferguson and through his ...

in Linz (with Alexander Popp) * 1930–1932: Alexanderhaus and Berolinahaus at

in Berlin * 1931: “Ring der Frauen” house at the ''German Building Exhibition in 1931'' in Berlin-Charlottenburg (demolished) * 1932–1933: Hohenlanke house near Neustrelitz (planned as a separate retirement home, partially completed) * 1933–1951: Christ the King Church in

(with Alexander Popp, Hans Feichtlbauer and Hans Foschum)

Typefaces designed by Behrens

All faces cast by the Klingspor Type Foundry. * Behrens-Schrift (1901–07) * Behrens-Antiqua (1907–09) * Behrens Mediaeval (1914)

Gallery

File:Mathildenhoehe-behrens-haus-048.jpg, Behrens house, Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt, 1901 File:Eduard-Müller-Krematorium 3.JPG, Eduard Müller Krematorium, Hagen-Delstern, 1908 File:Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25 (Berlin-Gesundbrunnen) AEG Hochspannungsfabrik.JPG, High Voltage Factory, AEG, Berlin-Moabit, 1909–10 File:AEG Montagehalle für Großgeräte Voltastraße Hussitenstraße 3.jpg, Large Motors Factory, AEG Berlin-Humboldthain, 1912 File:Б. Морская 41 01.jpg, German Embassy, St. Petersburg, 1912 File:Mannesmann-Haus Mannesmannufer Carlstadt Duesseldorf Germany.jpg, Mannesmann-Haus, Düsseldorf, 1912 File:Geschäfts- und Verwaltungsgebäude Unter Sachsenhause 37-4896.jpg, Office Building, Unter Sachsenhausen 37, Cologne, 1914 File:Haus der Wirtschaftsförderung, Vahrenwalder Straße 7, 30165 Hannover, wurde im März 2012 eröffnet.jpg, Continental AG offices, Hannover, 1912–14 File:Wilhelminenhofstr B-Oberschoeneweide 08-2017 img5.jpg, National Automobile Society (NAG), Berlin, 1914–17 File:IPH Bruecke Turm Westen DSC 7782.jpg, Hoechst Administration Building, Frankfurt, 1921–24 File:IPH Behrensbau Ausstellungsraum DSC 7810.jpg, Hoechst Administration, Frankfurt, 1921–25 File:Peter Behrens Bau Oberhausen 03.jpg, Gutehoffnungshütte warehouse, Oberhausen, 1921–25 File:GrabFriedrichEbert.jpg, Tomb of

Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert (; 4 February 187128 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as the first President of Germany (1919–1945), president of Germany from 1919 until ...

, 1925 File:St. Rupert Statue vor Haus St. Benedikt 02.jpg, College of St. Benedict, Salzburg, 1926 File:20130609 in Zagreb 52.jpg, Feller-Stern department store, Ban Jelačić Square, Zagreb,1928 File:Franz-Domes-Hof1.jpg, Franz Domes Hof, Vienna, 1928–30 File:Peter Behrens - Villa Gans in Kronberg (3).jpg, Villa Gans, Kronberg, 1931 File:Žilina - Neolog Synagogue - 2018.JPG, Synagogue, Žilina, Slovakia, 1929–31 File:Berlin - Alexanderplatz (1).jpg, Alexanderhaus and Berolinhaus, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, 1930–32 File:Tabakfabrik Linz Luftbild 1.jpg, Tobacco Factory, Linz, Austria, 1929–35 File:Tabakfabrik Linz Haupteingang-2615.jpg, Tobacco Factory, Linz, 1929–35

References

Sources

* Borský, Maroš (2007).
Synagogue Architecture in Slovakia: Towards Creating a Memorial Landscape of Lost Community
'. PhD dissertation, Hochschule für Jüdische Studien,

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

. Accessed 23 November 2014. * A. Windsor (1981): ''Peter Behrens: Architect and Designer'', Humanities Press Intl; First US edition, * Stanford Anderson (2002): ''Peter Behrens and a New Architecture for the Twentieth Century'', The MIT Press, * Peter Behrens (1990): ''Peter Behrens: Umbautes'', Licht Prestel Pub, (German edition) * Kathleen James-Chakraborty (2000): ''German architecture for a mass audience'', Routledge, * Ina Bahnschulte-Friebe: ''Künstlerkolonie Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt 1899–1914.'' Darmstadt: Institut Mathildenhöhe 1999, * Georg Krawietz: "Peter Behrens im dritten Reich", Weimar 1995, VDG, Verlag und Datenbank für Geisteswissenschaften, * Klaus J. Sembach: ''1910 – Halbzeit der Moderne.'' Stuttgart: Hatje 1992,

External links

Virtual gallery with Behrens designs for AEG

Neolog Synagogue in Žilina
Attached plaque: “This synagogue was built by the world famous architect Peter Behrens, in 1933–1934, on the same site as the original synagogue built in 1881. It served as a place of Jewish worship until the arrival of fascism. World War II tragically affected the lives of the Slovak Jews, at the time 3,600 Jewish people helped make up the 19,000 population of Žilina. After the war, only 500 Jewish returned. Since the end of war, the building has been used for cultural and educational purposes by the city and as a technical college. Jewish congregation of Žilina 1934–1996.”
The Schiedmayer grand piano from the musicroom of the House Behrens 1901
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Behrens, Peter 1868 births 1940 deaths People educated at the Gymnasium Christianeum 20th-century German architects German industrial designers German graphic designers German typographers and type designers Modernist architects from Germany Art Nouveau architects Academic staff of the Prussian Academy of Arts Architects from Hamburg