Pergine Valsugana
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Here is the translation into English: **Pergine Valsugana** (/ˈpɛrʤine valsuˈgana/; "Pèrzen" or "Pèrzem" in
Trentino Trentino (), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento (; ; ), is an Autonomous province#Italy, autonomous province of Italy in the Northern Italy, country's far north. Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the Regions of Italy, region of Tren ...
dialect, "Persn" in Mochena language) is an Italian municipality with 21,641 inhabitants in the province of Trento, the third-largest after the capital
Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin language, Ladin and ; ; ; ; ; ), also known in English as Trent, is a city on the Adige, Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the Trentino, autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ...
and
Rovereto Rovereto (; "wood of sessile oaks"; locally: ''Roveredo'') is a city and ''comune'' in Trentino in northern Italy, located in the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River. History Rovereto was an ancient fortress town standing at the fronti ...
. It is the seat of the Alta Valsugana e Bersntol community and is located at the exit of the Fersina Valley and at the beginning of the Valsugana Valley. The town is dominated by the historic Castel Pergine.


Geography


Territory

The town lies in central
Trentino Trentino (), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento (; ; ), is an Autonomous province#Italy, autonomous province of Italy in the Northern Italy, country's far north. Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the Regions of Italy, region of Tren ...
on the left bank of the
Adige The Adige is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the province of South Tyrol, near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland, and flows through most of northeastern Italy ...
River at 490 meters above sea level, 12 km east of Trento. The municipality of Pergine Valsugana covers an area of about 5439 hectares and includes the wide basin at the foot of the Tegazzo Hill as well as the Fersina Creek's valley. To the west, it is dominated by the Monte Marzola (1738 m a.s.l.) and the Monte Celva (1000 m a.s.l.), as well as the Cimirlo towards Trento; to the southwest, by the Vigolana (Becco di Filadonna, 2150 m a.s.l.); to the southeast, by the Panarotta (2002 m a.s.l.); and to the east, by the Monte Orno (also called "Montagna Grande," 1538 m a.s.l.). Other mountains include the Gronlait (2383 m a.s.l.) and the Monte Fravort (2347 m a.s.l.). To the northwest, the peaks of the Brenta Dolomites (Cima Tosa, 3173 m a.s.l.) and the Paganella (2125 m a.s.l.) are visible. To the south, one can also see the Pizzo di Levico with the Forte Vezzena fortress. The Fersina Creek originates from the Lago di Erdemolo, located above
Palù del Fersina Palù del Fersina ( Mocheno: ''Palai/Palae en Bersntol'', ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin language, Ladin and ; ...
at 2036 meters in the Lagorai range, and extends down to Trento, where it flows into the
Adige The Adige is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the province of South Tyrol, near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland, and flows through most of northeastern Italy ...
River. The
Lago di Caldonazzo Lake Caldonazzo () is a lake in Trentino, Italy. At an elevation of 449 m, its surface area is 5.38 km2. It is located in the valley communities of Alta Valsugana e Bersntol. Lake Caldonazzo is the largest lake within the borders of Trentino ...
(maximum depth 49 m) lies south of the town and is part of the Pergine municipality from the village of San Cristoforo al Lago (its origin) to the Valcanover area. The rest of the lake belongs to other municipalities. The Brenta River originates from Lago di Caldonazzo. Other lakes in the area of Pergine include the Lago di Costa, the Lago Pudro, the Lago di Canzolino, and the Lago di Madrano. Lago Pudro, part of the Natura 2000 network, spans about 13 hectares and is home to fauna closely tied to water, which has disappeared in the valley due to drainage measures. There are also smaller streams that are tributaries of the Fersina Creek.


Climate

According to the average values of the thirty-year period
1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...
1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...
, the average temperature in the coldest month, January, is 1.4°C, while the warmest month, July, has an average temperature of 22.6°C. Annual rainfall exceeds 900 mm, distributed over about 90 days, with a peak in late spring and summer, and a relative minimum in winter.
Climate Classification Climate zones are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with a biome classification, as climate is a major influence on life in a region. The most used is the Köppen climate classification ...
: Zone F, 3147 GGT


Origins of the Name

There are numerous hypotheses regarding the origin of the name: In the 18th century, it was suggested that the name came from the Fersina Creek, as it passes through an area with
iron Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...
mines; the name would thus derive from "ferrugo" or "ferri sinus." However, this theory is now considered outdated. Other hypotheses explain that Pergine is a locative form of "pergo," meaning "elevated place": "perg," possibly a parallel to "Berg" (mountain). Another theory suggests that the name comes from "pyrgus," meaning Pergamon and pergus, hill. Recently, the derivation from "colle-altura" (hill, height), connected with the existence of a fortress, is preferred. Some, however, refer to studies of the toponymic name Pergine Valdarno in the province of
Arezzo Arezzo ( , ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Italy and the capital of the Province of Arezzo, province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about southeast of Florence at an elevation of Above mean sea level, above sea level. As of 2 ...
, where the name is derived from a primitive language, probably that of the
Ligures The Ligures or Ligurians were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day Northern Italy, north-western Italy, is named. Because of the strong Celts, Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were also known in anti ...
, who influenced the
Etruscans The Etruscan civilization ( ) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in List of ancient peoples of Italy, ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation of city-states. Af ...
and the world. In the mid-20th century, it was proposed that Pergine comes from "perga-parga," meaning "hay shed" or "hut." Some scholars, on the other hand, believe that toponyms with the suffix "-ine" are of oriental origin and indicate a water source: Pergine, according to this hypothesis, would come from "perku-ine" = source on the hill. This theory is the most widely accepted, although a Latin origin due to Roman rule is not excluded.


History


Prehistory

The area of Pergine was already inhabited in prehistoric times by the Retics. Settlement remains have been found on the Pergine hills, especially in the Montesei area of Serso. However, there is no evidence of a settlement in the valley. The existence of a possibly Roman castle on the Tegazzo hill is also conceivable, and it could be older than the Roman era.


Roman Period

After the Raetian War (
1st century BC The 1st century Before Christ, BC, also known as the last century BC and the last century Common Era , BCE, started on the first day of 100 BC, 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC, 1 BC. The Anno Domini, AD/BC notation does not ...
), the area of Pergine became part of the Roman province of
Feltre Feltre (; ) is a town and ''comune'' of the province of Belluno in Veneto, northern Italy. A hill town in the southern reaches of the province, it is located on the Stizzon River, about from its junction with the Piave, and southwest from Bell ...
. The military road
Via Claudia Augusta The Via Claudia Augusta is an ancient Roman road, which linked the valley of the Po River with Rhaetia (encompassing parts of modern Eastern Switzerland, Northern Italy, Western Austria, Southern Germany and all of Liechtenstein) across the Alp ...
was built to run from Altinum (today Altino, near
Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
) through the Valsugana Valley to Tridentum (modern-day
Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin language, Ladin and ; ; ; ; ; ), also known in English as Trent, is a city on the Adige, Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the Trentino, autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th ...
).


Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, Pergine was an important strategic location, controlled by the Lombards and later by the Franks. The name of the town first appeared on February 26, 845 in a document.


Main sights

*Castle, a medieval fortification on a hill at 657 m above the sea level. It is known from 845, although it could be of Lombard or even late-Roman origins. *Late Gothic-style church of Santa Maria *Church of San Carlo, rebuilt in 1619 *Palazzo Tomelin (17th century) *Palazzo a Prato (16th century) *Palazzo Gentili-Crivelli (16th century) *Palazzo Hippoliti (late 15th century)


Residents

* Fabio Garbari (born 1937), botanist and academic


References


External links


Official website

San Cristoforo al Lago, "frazione" in Pergine Valsugana

Cities and towns in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol {{TrentinoAltoAdige-geo-stub