Tablet official letter-AO 7093-P5280232-gradient

Pawura, and also: Pauru, Piwure, Puuru/Puwuru was an

Egyptian ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of year ...

official of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. As mentioned in letter no. 171, he was also an Egyptian "

archer Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 The word comes from the Latin ''arcus'', meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern ...

–commander". In letter no. 289 he is called an ''"irpi''–official". In

his name means 'the Great One', (''Pa-wr''/''Pa-ur'')(letter EA 287:45-"1.-Pa-Ú-Ru") Pawura's name is referenced in the following letters: ( EA for 'el

Amarna Amarna (; ) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and a ...

') :#Rib-Haddi–The

Rib-Hadda Rib-Hadda (also rendered Rib-Addi, Rib-Addu, Rib-Adda) was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten. His name is Akkadian in form and may invoke the Northwest Se ...

sub-

corpus Corpus (plural ''corpora'') is Latin for "body". It may refer to: Linguistics * Text corpus, in linguistics, a large and structured set of texts * Speech corpus, in linguistics, a large set of speech audio files * Corpus linguistics, a branch of ...

of 68 letters: EA 117, 124, 129, 131, 132, and EA 362. :#Aziru–EA 171, by

Aziru Aziru (Akk. ma-zi-ra) was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten. Reign Relations with Egypt The de ...

of Ammuru, Title: ''"Eager to Serve"''. :#EA 263–EA 263, a short letter. Title: ''"Robbed of Everything."'' (author unknown) :#Abdi-Heba– EA 287 and EA 289, letters by

Abdi-Heba Abdi-Ḫeba (Abdi-Kheba, Abdi-Ḫepat, or Abdi-Ḫebat) was a local chieftain of History of Jerusalem, Jerusalem during the Amarna period (mid-1330s BC). Ancient Egypt, Egyptian documents have him deny he was a mayor (''ḫazānu'') and assert he ...

pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...

.(see EA 287 here
Photo, EA 287: Reverse
Pawura's death is mentioned in the Rib-Hadda letters except EA 117, and 124, along with the demise of others, or the warring with the Habiru, or the leaders of Ammuru: (

Abdi-Ashirta Abdi-Ashirta ( Akkadian: 𒀵𒀀𒅆𒅕𒋫 ''Warad-Ašîrta'' RAD2-A-ši-ir-ta fl. 14th century BC) was the ruler of Amurru who was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos. While some contend that Amurru was a new kingdom in southern Syria ...

, or his son,

Example letters for: Official ''Pawura''

EA 171, by Aziru of Ammuru--(no. 13 of 13)

EA 171, Title: "Eager to Serve", + (

Yanhamu Yanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350- 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Biography Amarna Archive Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter ''" Rib-Hadda of Gubla"''-(Byblos) sub-corpus, and ...

) :[To the king ...: Message of

...] ... I Prostration formula, fall a[t the fee]t of the king, the Sun, my [lord]. [''From the very first'' I ch]ose to enter [the servi]ce of the ki[ng], the [Su]n, my lord, [but Yanhamu, Ya]nhamu would not a lw me. 'I'' snt my mes eners 'to''the king, my lord, 'but''Yanhamu 'stopped thm'' on the way, and 'they have not got away.'' Maythe gods of the king, my lord, grant that my messengers get away rm Yanhamu. I would enter the service of the king, the god, the Sun, my lord, but Yanhamu has not allowed me. And now O king, my lord, '' uuru,'' ''

ndash;comman[der of the king, my lord, has reach]ed me. uuru [knows]'' my [lo]yalty, and [''may''] the Sun, the king, my lord, [''inquire from him''] ... ..May he tell them. For I am a servant of 'the Sun, the king, my lord, and''''wh tver'' the ki g, ''the Sun, the king, my lord, orders'' I ''d it ... May''the Sun, the king, my lord, 'know: I am a loyal servant''of the king, my lord. :Moreover, my lord ..Yanhamu when ... ..... I do not deviate from 'his''orders or from ''th s' servant of the Sun, the king, my lord. -EA 171, lines 1-37 (complete, with lacunae)

EA 289, by Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem--(no. 5 of 6)

EA 289, Title: "A Reckoning Demanded" Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. EA 289, Title: ''"A Reckoning Demanded"'', pp. 332-333. : ay t the king, my lord: Message of

, your servant. I f llat the feet of my lord, the k ng 7 times and 7 times.

Milkilu Milki-ilu of Gezer (Milkilu, Milk-ilu, Ili-Milku), was the mayor/ruler of the Land of ''Gazru'' (Gezer) around 1350 BC. He is known as the son-in-law of Tagi of Ginti-Kirmil and cooperating with Labaya of Shechem, during a period of turmoil among ...

does not break away from the sons of Lab'ayu and from the sons of Arsawa, as they desire the land of the king for themselves. As for a mayor who does such a deed, why does the king not (c)all him to account? Such was the deed that Milkilu and Tagi did: –they took

Rubutu Rubutu was a city, or city-state located in ancient northern Israel, between the city of ''Gazru''-(modern Gezer), and Jerusalem during the time of the Amarna letters correspondence, a 15-20 year period at about 1350-1335 BC. Some scholars place ...

. And now as for Jerusalem-(called "Uru-salim")(City-Salim), if this land belongs to the king, why is it ''(not) of concern'' to the king like Hazzatu-(modern Gaza)? Gintikirmil belongs to Tagi, and men of Gintu are the

garrison A garrison is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it. The term now often applies to certain facilities that constitute a military base or fortified military headquarters. A garrison is usually in a city ...

in Bitsanu. Are we to act like Lab'ayu when he was giving the land of Šakmu-(

Shechem Shechem ( ; , ; ), also spelled Sichem ( ; ) and other variants, was an ancient city in the southern Levant. Mentioned as a Canaanite city in the Amarna Letters, it later appears in the Hebrew Bible as the first capital of the Kingdom of Israe ...

) to the Hapiru? Milkilu has written to Tagi and the sons ''(of Lab'ayu)''—"Be ''the both of you a protection.'' Grant all their demands to the men of Qiltu-( Keilah), and let us isolate Urusalim."

Addaya Addaya was an Egyptian commissioner during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence (1350–1335 BC). The majority of the Amarna letters were written to the pharaoh of Egypt during a 15-20 year(?) time period. ''Addaya'' is only referenced ...

has taken the garrison that you sent in the charge of Haya, the son of Miyare; he has stationed it in his own house in Hazzatu and has sent 20–men to Egypt (called 'Mizri'-(

Mizraim Mizraim (; cf. ) is the Hebrew and Aramaic name for the land of Egypt and its people. Mizraim - king of Egypt Linguistic analysis '' Mizraim'' is the Hebrew cognate of a common Semitic source word for the land now known as Egypt. It is similar t ...

)). May the king, my lord, know (that) no garrison of the king is with me. Accordingly, as truly as the king lives, his ''irpi''-official, ''Pu'uru'', has left me–and is in Hazzatu. (May the king ''call (this) to mind when he arrives.'') And so may the king send 50–men as a garrison to protect the land. The entire land of the king has deser ed (See:

Upu The Universal Postal Union (UPU, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations and facilitates a uniform worldwide postal system. It has 192 member states and is headquartered in Be ...

). Send Ye(eh)enhamu that he may know about the land of the king, y lord —To the

scribe A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of Printing press, automatic printing. The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as ...

of the king, y lord: Mssage of Abdi-Heba,

our Our or OUR may refer to: * The possessive form of " we" Places * Our (river), in Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany * Our, Belgium, a village in Belgium * Our, Jura, a commune in France Other uses * Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR), a governm ...

servant. Offer eloq entwords to the king: ''I am always, utterly yours.'' I am your servant. -EA 289, lines 1-51 (complete)

References

* Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, {{ISBN, 0-8018-6715-0)

External links

Photo, EA 287: ReverseLine Drawings, Akkadian text, & Photo, EA 289: Obverse & Reverse
CDLI no. 271091 (''Chicago Digital Library Initiative'') Amarna letters officials Canaan

Example letters for: Official ''Pawura''

EA 171, by Aziru of Ammuru--(no. 13 of 13)

EA 289, by Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem--(no. 5 of 6)

See also

References

External links