Paval Yakaulevich Zhauryd (, , 13 June 1889 in Žaǔryd – 11 May 1939) was a
Belarus
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...
ian military commander.
Zhauryd was born in the village of Cieciarouka in the
Slutsky Uyezd Slutsky Uyezd (; ) was one of the uyezds of Minsk Governorate and the Governorate-General of Minsk of the Russian Empire and then of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic with its center in Slutsk from 1793 until its formal abolition in 1924 by S ...
and graduated from the
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch (Belarus), Sluch River south of the capital Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 59,450.
Geography ...
Gymnasium in 1909. As a student at the gymnasium, Zhauryd created a Belarusian separatist club with his classmates. After graduation, he studied at the law faculty of the
Warsaw University
The University of Warsaw (, ) is a public research university in Warsaw, Poland. Established on November 19, 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country, offering 37 different fields of study as well as 100 specializat ...
.
He was mobilised into the
Russian Imperial Army
The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...
in 1916, during the
First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. After military training in
Poltava
Poltava (, ; , ) is a city located on the Vorskla, Vorskla River in Central Ukraine, Central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Poltava Oblast as well as Poltava Raion within the oblast. It also hosts the administration of Po ...
, Paval Zhauryd was sent to
Turkestan
Turkestan,; ; ; ; also spelled Turkistan, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan (Xinjiang). The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its ...
and later to the
Romanian Front
The Romanian Front (, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' ...
. After the Russian
February Revolution
The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...
, Paval Zhauryd was elected as his regiment's committee president. He was a delegate at the
First All-Belarusian Congress in December 1917, where preparations for the declaration of independence of the
Belarusian People's Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The ...
had been initiated.
Since 1918 Zhauryd had been working as a lawyer in
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch (Belarus), Sluch River south of the capital Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 59,450.
Geography ...
. At that time he became a member of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In the summer of 1919 he was arrested by the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...
and accused of "assisting
Denikin" and taken to
Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow.
First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...
.
Liberated in 1919, Zhauryd came back to Slutsk and was elected president of the Slutsk Belarusian Committee, a local group supporting the
Belarusian Democratic Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The ...
.
In July 1920 Zhauryd was mobilised by the Bolsheviks into the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
and was appointed aide to the commander of the Slutsk cavalry unit. In late 1920, Belarusian officials appointed Zhauryd the Commissary of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Slutsk
. In this function Paval Zhauryd was one of the commanders of the anti-Bolshevik
Slutsk defence action.
Beginning in 1921 Zhauryd lived in
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...
, where he was member of the local Belarusian National Committee and the Belarusian Schools Council. He later migrated to
East Belarus and worked in his parents' place, in the villages Bor and Zarechcha near
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch (Belarus), Sluch River south of the capital Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 59,450.
Geography ...
. In 1923–1930 Zhauryd worked for the Belarusian Agroindustrial Union, an agricultural education institution in the town of Marjina Horka, the Belarusian Culture Institute and the newspaper ''
Zvyazda''.
Along with several other Belarusian intellectuals, Paval Zhauryd was arrested by the
GPU on July 18, 1930, as part of the
Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
The Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus () was a political and criminal case initiated by the GPU of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic against several Belarusian scientists and culture activists. The case formed part of a wave of S ...
. In April 1931 he was sentenced to three years in a concentration camp. After liberation in 1933, he lived in
Sarapul
Sarapul ( Udmurt and ) is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, southeast of Izhevsk, the capital of the republic. Population:
History
Sarapul is one of the oldest cities of the Ka ...
, Udmurtia.
In 1937 Zhauryd was again arrested "for anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced to ten years in concentration camps. He was sent to Knyazhpogost in the
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; ), abbreviated as Komi ASSR (Komi and ), was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union, established in 1936 as successor of Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast.
In 1991, it b ...
, where he died in prison.
Paval Zhauryd was rehabilitated in 1988 by the Belarusian Supreme Court and the Oblast Court of Kirov.
[Маракоў Л.У. Рэпрэсаваныя літаратары, навукоўцы, работнікі асветы, грамадскія і культурныя дзеячы Беларусі, 1794—1991. Энц. даведнік. У 10 т. Т.3. Кн.2. — Мн:, 2003. ]
References
External links
*
Нарадзіўся Павал Жаўрыд
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhauryd, Paval
1889 births
1939 deaths
People from Kapyl district
People from Slutsky Uyezd
Belarusian National Republic
Belarusian military personnel
Russian military personnel of World War I
People of the Russian Civil War
Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
People who died in the Gulag
Soviet people who died in prison custody
Soviet rehabilitations