Paval Yakaulevich Zhauryd (, , 13 June 1889 in Žaǔryd – 11 May 1939) was a

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

ian military commander. Zhauryd was born in the village of Cieciarouka in the

Slutsky Uyezd Slutsky Uyezd (; ) was one of the uyezds of Minsk Governorate and the Governorate-General of Minsk of the Russian Empire and then of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic with its center in Slutsk from 1793 until its formal abolition in 1924 by S ...

and graduated from the

Slutsk Slutsk is a town in Minsk Region, in central Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch (Belarus), Sluch River south of the capital Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 59,450. Geography ...

Gymnasium in 1909. As a student at the gymnasium, Zhauryd created a Belarusian separatist club with his classmates. After graduation, he studied at the law faculty of the

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw (, ) is a public research university in Warsaw, Poland. Established on November 19, 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country, offering 37 different fields of study as well as 100 specializat ...

. He was mobilised into the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

in 1916, during the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. After military training in

Poltava Poltava (, ; , ) is a city located on the Vorskla, Vorskla River in Central Ukraine, Central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Poltava Oblast as well as Poltava Raion within the oblast. It also hosts the administration of Po ...

, Paval Zhauryd was sent to

Turkestan Turkestan,; ; ; ; also spelled Turkistan, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan (Xinjiang). The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its ...

and later to the

Romanian Front The Romanian Front (, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' ...

. After the Russian

February Revolution The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...

, Paval Zhauryd was elected as his regiment's committee president. He was a delegate at the First All-Belarusian Congress in December 1917, where preparations for the declaration of independence of the

Belarusian People's Republic The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The ...

had been initiated. Since 1918 Zhauryd had been working as a lawyer in

. At that time he became a member of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In the summer of 1919 he was arrested by the

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

and accused of "assisting Denikin" and taken to

Smolensk Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...

. Liberated in 1919, Zhauryd came back to Slutsk and was elected president of the Slutsk Belarusian Committee, a local group supporting the

Belarusian Democratic Republic The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; , ), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The ...

. In July 1920 Zhauryd was mobilised by the Bolsheviks into the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

and was appointed aide to the commander of the Slutsk cavalry unit. In late 1920, Belarusian officials appointed Zhauryd the Commissary of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Slutsk

powiat A ''powiat'' (; ) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (Local administrative unit, LAU-1 ormerly Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS-4 ...

. In this function Paval Zhauryd was one of the commanders of the anti-Bolshevik Slutsk defence action. Beginning in 1921 Zhauryd lived in

Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...

, where he was member of the local Belarusian National Committee and the Belarusian Schools Council. He later migrated to East Belarus and worked in his parents' place, in the villages Bor and Zarechcha near

. In 1923–1930 Zhauryd worked for the Belarusian Agroindustrial Union, an agricultural education institution in the town of Marjina Horka, the Belarusian Culture Institute and the newspaper '' Zvyazda''. Along with several other Belarusian intellectuals, Paval Zhauryd was arrested by the GPU on July 18, 1930, as part of the

Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus The Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus () was a political and criminal case initiated by the GPU of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic against several Belarusian scientists and culture activists. The case formed part of a wave of S ...

. In April 1931 he was sentenced to three years in a concentration camp. After liberation in 1933, he lived in

Sarapul Sarapul ( Udmurt and ) is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, southeast of Izhevsk, the capital of the republic. Population: History Sarapul is one of the oldest cities of the Ka ...

, Udmurtia. In 1937 Zhauryd was again arrested "for anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced to ten years in concentration camps. He was sent to Knyazhpogost in the

Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; ), abbreviated as Komi ASSR (Komi and ), was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union, established in 1936 as successor of Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast. In 1991, it b ...

, where he died in prison. Paval Zhauryd was rehabilitated in 1988 by the Belarusian Supreme Court and the Oblast Court of Kirov.Маракоў Л.У. Рэпрэсаваныя літаратары, навукоўцы, работнікі асветы, грамадскія і культурныя дзеячы Беларусі, 1794—1991. Энц. даведнік. У 10 т. Т.3. Кн.2. — Мн:, 2003.

References

External links

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Нарадзіўся Павал Жаўрыд
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhauryd, Paval 1889 births 1939 deaths People from Kapyl district People from Slutsky Uyezd Belarusian National Republic Belarusian military personnel Russian military personnel of World War I People of the Russian Civil War Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus People who died in the Gulag Soviet people who died in prison custody Soviet rehabilitations