Paul Boltwood
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Paul Boltwood (1943 – September 25, 2017) was a Canadian
amateur astronomer Amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers m ...
. He was engaged in developing hardware and
software Software consists of computer programs that instruct the Execution (computing), execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital comput ...
for
deep sky A deep-sky object (DSO) is any astronomical object that is not an individual star or Solar System object (such as Sun, Moon, planet, comet, etc.). The classification is used for the most part by amateur astronomers to denote visually observed fa ...
imaging and in research of brightness variations in active
galactic nuclei An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. Such e ...
. He was also acknowledged for his studies of near-nucleus activity in
Comet Hyakutake Comet Hyakutake (Astronomical naming conventions#Comets, formally designated C/1996 B2) is a comet discovered on 31 January 1996. It was dubbed the Great Comet of 1996; its passage to within of the Earth on 25 March was one of the closest comet ...
.


Early life, personal life and education

Paul Boltwood was born in
Vancouver Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...
, British Columbia in 1943. He first became interested in astronomy around age 12 and had built his own telescope by age 15. He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the
University of British Columbia The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Public university, public research university with campuses near University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver and University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, in British Columbia, Canada ...
in 1966. He pursued a career in computer software and systems design, with an emphasis on signal and image processing. Boltwood died on September 25, 2017, aged 73 or 74, in
Stittsville Stittsville is a suburban community, part of the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario. It is within the former Goulbourn Township. A part of the National Capital Region, Stittsville is immediately to the southwest of Kanata, adjacent to Ric ...
, Ontario.


Astronomy

Paul Boltwood founded Boltwood Systems Corporation in 1980, which manufactured cloud sensors for amateur astronomers. In the early 1990s, he constructed an observatory in his backyard near
Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
, Ontario, with a CCD camera of his own design. He used the observatory to perform long-term monitoring of several
blazar A blazar is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a relativistic jet (a jet composed of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light) directed very nearly towards an observer. Relativistic beaming of electromagnetic radiation from the ...
s (active galactic nuclei with
relativistic jets An astrophysical jet is an astronomy, astronomical phenomenon where outflows of Ionization, ionised matter are emitted as extended beams along the rotation, axis of rotation. When this greatly accelerated matter in the beam approaches the speed of ...
), including the objects
OJ 287 OJ 287 is a BL Lac object 4 billion light-years from Earth that has produced quasi-periodic optical outbursts going back approximately 120 years, as first apparent on photographic plates from 1891. Seen on photographic plates since at least 188 ...
and
3C 66A 3C 66A is a blazar located in the constellation Andromeda. The "distance" of a far away galaxy depends on the distance measurement used. With a redshift of 0.444, light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 4.5 billion year ...
. His observations were used professional astronomers and he is listed as the co-author of several scientific journal articles. He made a series of images of the nucleus of the
comet Hyakutake Comet Hyakutake (Astronomical naming conventions#Comets, formally designated C/1996 B2) is a comet discovered on 31 January 1996. It was dubbed the Great Comet of 1996; its passage to within of the Earth on 25 March was one of the closest comet ...
, which were released as part of the short film ''Comet Odyssey''. In 1998, Boltwood won the ''
Sky & Telescope ''Sky & Telescope'' (''S&T'') is a monthly magazine covering all aspects of amateur and professional astronomy, including what to see in the sky tonight and new findings in astronomy. Other topics covered include: *observing guides for planets, ...
'' magazine Deep Field Challenge. The contest, proposed by professional astronomer
Bradley Schaefer Bradley Elliott Schaefer is a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Louisiana State University. He received his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Biography In addition to his academic pursuits, Schaefer is rememb ...
, challenged amateur astronomers to take the deepest image of a designed patch of the sky in the constellation
Serpens Serpens () is a constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union. It ...
. Using 20 hours of exposure time on his 16-inch telescope and custom software to add the resulting 767 images together, Boltwood achieved a limiting
magnitude Magnitude may refer to: Mathematics *Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction *Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object *Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector *Order of ...
of 24.1, a result comparable with those seen in professional observatories. His photo was featured as the
Astronomy Picture of the Day Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest include ...
on April 14, 1999.


Awards and recognition

In 1995, he was awarded the Chant Medal of the
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC) is a national, non-profit, charitable organization devoted to the advancement of astronomy and related sciences. At present, there are 30 local branches of the Society, called Centres, in towns an ...
. This medal is awarded, not more than once a year, to an amateur astronomer resident in Canada on the basis of the value of the work carried out in astronomy and closely allied fields of the original investigation. In 2000, he was awarded with the Amateur Achievement Award of the
Astronomical Society of the Pacific The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) is an American scientific and educational organization, founded in San Francisco on February 7, 1889, immediately following the solar eclipse of January 1, 1889. Its name derives from its origins on ...
.
Asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet—an object larger than a meteoroid that is neither a planet nor an identified comet—that orbits within the Solar System#Inner Solar System, inner Solar System or is co-orbital with Jupiter (Trojan asteroids). As ...
8785 Boltwood was named in his honour.


Selected publications

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boltwood, Paul Amateur astronomers 20th-century Canadian astronomers 21st-century Canadian astronomers 1943 births 2017 deaths