''Pareiorhaphis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

catfish Catfish (or catfishes; order (biology), order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Catfish are common name, named for their prominent barbel (anatomy), barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, though not ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Loricariidae Loricariidae is the largest family (biology), family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genus, genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South A ...

native to

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

. This genus can be readily distinguished from other neoplecostomines by the unique combination of having fleshy lobes on lateral margins of head ornamented with hypertrophied

odontode Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structures found on the external surfaces of animals or near internal openings. They consist of a soft pulp surrounded by dentine and covered by a mineralized substance such as enamel, a structure similar to t ...

s on

nuptial A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most weddin ...

males,

caudal peduncle Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only ...

ovoid An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas of mathematics (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.), it is given a more precise definition, which may inc ...

cross section Cross section may refer to: * Cross section (geometry) ** Cross-sectional views in architecture and engineering 3D *Cross section (geology) * Cross section (electronics) * Radar cross section, measure of detectability * Cross section (physics) **A ...

, abdomen usually naked,

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

spinelet ovoid and

adipose fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only b ...

usually present. The color pattern is usually dark brown and mottled with the abdomen white. Most species in to ''Pareiorhaphis'' were originally described in '' Hemipsilichthys''. In 1918, Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro proposed the new genus ''Pareiorhaphis''.Pereira, E.H.L. (2005): Resurrection of ''Pareiorhaphis'' Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (2): 271–276.'' Whether ''Pareiorhaphis'' is

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

or not is currently unknown.

Species

There are currently 25 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pareiorhaphis azygolechis'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2002) * '' Pareiorhaphis bahianus'' ( Gosline, 1947) * '' Pareiorhaphis cameroni'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1907) * '' Pareiorhaphis cerosus'' ( P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1951) * '' Pareiorhaphis eurycephalus'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2002) * '' Pareiorhaphis garapia'' E. H. L. Pereira, Lehmann A., Schvambach & R. E. dos Reis, 2015 Pereira, E.H.L., Lehmann A., P., Schvambach, L.J. & Reis, R.E. (2015): A new species of ''Pareiorhaphis'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the headwaters of the Arroio Garapiá, coastal drainage of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 4034 (3): 556–564.'' * '' Pareiorhaphis garbei'' ( R. Ihering, 1911) * '' Pareiorhaphis hypselurus'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2002) * '' Pareiorhaphis hystrix'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2002) * '' Pareiorhaphis lophia'' E. H. L. Pereira & Zanata, 2014 Pereira, E.H.L. & Zanata, A.M. (2014): A new species of the armored catfish genus ''Pareiorhaphis'' Miranda Ribeiro (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 35-42.'' * '' Pareiorhaphis mutuca'' ( J. C. de Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999) * '' Pareiorhaphis nasuta'' E. H. L. Pereira, F. Vieira & R. E. dos Reis, 2007 * '' Pareiorhaphis nudulus'' ( R. E. dos Reis & E. H. L. Pereira, 1999) * '' Pareiorhaphis parmula'' E. H. L. Pereira, 2005 * '' Pareiorhaphis proskynita'' E. H. L. Pereira & M. R. Britto, 2012 Pereira, E.H.L. & Britto, M.R. (2012): A New Distinctively Colored Catfish of the Genus ''Pareiorhaphis'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Piracicaba, Upper Rio Doce Basin, Brazil. ''Copeia, 2012 (3): 519-526.'' * '' Pareiorhaphis pumila'' E. H. L. Pereira and R. E. dos Reis. 2022 * ''

Pareiorhaphis regani ''Pareiorhaphis regani'' is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Amazon River basin in Brazil, with its type locality being listed as the Rio Negro basin in the state of Amazona ...

'' ( Giltay, 1936) * '' Pareiorhaphis ruschii'' E. H. L. Pereira, Lehmann A. & R. E. dos Reis, 2012 Pereira, E.H.L., Lehmann A., P. & Reis, R.E. (2012): A new species of the Neoplecostomine catfish ''Pareiorhaphis'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coastal basins of Espírito Santo, Eastern Brazil. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (3): 539-546.'' * '' Pareiorhaphis scutula'' E. H. L. Pereira, F. Vieira & R. E. dos Reis, 2010 * '' Pareiorhaphis splendens'' ( Bizerril, 1995) * '' Pareiorhaphis steindachneri'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918) * '' Pareiorhaphis stephanus'' ( J. C. de Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999) * '' Pareiorhaphis stomias'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2002) * '' Pareiorhaphis togoroi'' Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019 Oliveira, Jose & Oyakawa, Osvaldo. (2019). New loricariid fishes from headwaters on Serra da Mantiqueira and Complexo do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa. 4586. 401. 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.3.1. * '' Pareiorhaphis vestigipinnis'' ( E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 1992) * '' Pareiorhaphis vetula'' E. H. L. Pereira, Lehmann A. & R. E. dos Reis, 2016 Pereira, E.H.L., Lehmann A., P. & Reis, R.E. (2016): ''Pareiorhaphis vetula'', a new armored catfish from the headwaters of the Rio Doce basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). ''Zootaxa, 4144 (3): 443–450.''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7136700 Neoplecostominae Fish of South America Catfish genera Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro Freshwater fish genera