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Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family (biology), family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genus, genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "Plecostomus, plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', and are popular as aquarium fish. Common names Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth catfishes, armoured catfish (other), armoured catfish, or suckermouth armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since ''Plecostomus plecostomus'' (now called ''Hypostomus plecostomus'') was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby. Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catfish
Catfish (or catfishes; order (biology), order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Catfish are common name, named for their prominent barbel (anatomy), barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, though not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers", with some seemingly not having them. Siluriformes as a whole are Fish scale, scale-less, with neither the Armoured catfish, armour-plated nor the naked species having scales. This order of fish are Autapomorphy, defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish range in size and behavior from the three List of largest fish, largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the piraíba of South America, to detritivorous and scavenging bottom feeders, down to tiny ectoparasitic species known as the Candiru (fish), candirus. In the Southern United States, catfish species may be known by a variety of slang names, such as "mud cat", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypoptopomatinae
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species. It has been divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini. However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini. More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies. Problematically, the most recent hypoptopomatine genera, '' Gymnotocinclus'' and '' Rhinolekos'', were not classified in either of the tribes. Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved. Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypostomus Plecostomus
''Hypostomus plecostomus'', also known as the suckermouth catfish or common pleco, is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Loricariidae, armored catfish family (Loricariidae), named for the longitudinal rows of armour (anatomy), armor-like scutes that cover the upper parts of the head and body (the lower surface of head and abdomen is naked soft skin). Although the name ''Hypostomus plecostomus'' is often used to refer to common plecostomus sold in aquarium shops, most are actually members of other genera. Suckermouth catfish are of little or no value as a fish as food, food fish, although they are at least occasionally consumed over their native range. A demand exists for them, however, as a bottom feeder, bottom cleaner in the aquarium trade. Distribution and habitat This species' native range is tropical northeastern South America; it naturally occurs in northeastern Brazil, the Guianas, and Trinidad and Tobago. Confusingly, the name ''Hypostomus plecostomus'' (or '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoplecostominae
Neoplecostominae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Species of this subfamily live in high-mountain and swift-flowing river habitats. Taxonomy This subfamily is the most basal clade in Loricariidae with the exception of Lithogeneinae. The genera do not form a monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ... assemblage. Neoplecostominae is not diagnosed by any unique characteristic. However, molecular studies have supported this grouping. Within the paraphyletic Neoplecostominae, ''Pareiorhina'' forms a monophyletic subunit that also includes ''Neoplecostomus''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3338213 Neoplecostominae Fish of South America Ray-finned fish subfamilies Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithogeneinae
''Lithogenes'' is a genus of South American catfish of the family Loricariidae. It is the only genus within the subfamily Lithogeneinae. Taxonomy ''Lithogenes'' is the only genus within the subfamily Lithogeneinae. This genus and subfamily, the most basal group in Loricariidae, is the sister group to the rest of the family. Relative to an undescribed species of Lithogeneinae, ''L. valencia'' has sister group relationship to ''L. villosus''. Species The three recognized species in this genus are: * '' Lithogenes valencia'' Provenzano, Schaefer, Baskin & Royero-Leon, 2003 * '' Lithogenes villosus'' Eigenmann, 1909 * '' Lithogenes wahari'' Schaefer & Provenzano, 2008 Appearance and anatomy As members of the family Loricariidae, all ''Lithogenes'' species have a suckermouth. However, unlike most loricariids, species of the genus ''Lithogenes'' possess armor plating only on the latter half of the body. Their eyes are small and their bodies flattened. Distribution and habitat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypostominae
The Hypostominae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Most members are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several species (in genera '' Ancistrus'', '' Chaetostoma'', '' Lasiancistrus'', '' Leptoancistrus'' and '' Hemiancistrus'') in southern Central America. ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', which is popular in the aquarium trade, has been introduced to several regions far from its native range. Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed, within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus '' Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number. Taxonomy *Ancistrini (sometimes considered a separate subfamily as Ancistrinae) ** '' Acanthicus'' ** '' Ancistrus'' ** '' Andeancistrus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farlowella
''Farlowella'' is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. This genus is broadly distributed in Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná and coastal rivers of the Guyana Shield. It is absent from the Pacific slope of the Andes and from the coastal rivers of the Brazilian Shield.Covain, R. & Fisch-Muller, S. (2007)The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis.''Zootaxa, 1462: 1–40.'' Many of these species are kept in aquariums. This genus has a unique body shape that resembles a thin stick of wood. The body is slender and elongate, often with a pronounced rostrum and a brownish color with two lateral dark stripes beginning at the tip of the rostrum, passing over the eyes and ending at the tail, which are periodically interrupted on the caudal peduncle. Taxonomy The genus is placed within the tribe Harttiini of the subfamily Loricariinae. Morphological, molecular and phylogenetic st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannoplecostomus
''Nannoplecostomus eleonorae'' is a species of armored catfish known only from the upper Rio Tocantins basin in the Brazilian state of Goiás. This species grows to a length of SL. This species is the only known member of its genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ... and the smallest loricariid catfish known. The fish was named in honor of Brazilian biospeleologist Eleonora Trajano, for her contributions to the knowledge of the diversity of Brazilian troglobitic fishes, including the fishes of the karst area of São Domingos, where this catfish is found. References Loricariidae Suckermouth catfish of Brazil Endemic fish of Brazil Fish described in 2012 Monotypic freshwater fish genera Catfish genera {{Loricariidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delturinae
The Delturinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, including two genera, '' Delturus'' and '' Hemipsilichthys''. This group is sister A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to ref ... to all other loricariids except '' Lithogenes''. The geographical distribution of Delturinae, exclusively on the southeastern Brazilian Shield, indicates southeastern Brazil acts as either a refugium for basal loricariid taxa or a point of origin for the Loricariidae. Both genera can be separated from all other loricariids by the presence of a postdorsal ridge made up of raised, median, unpaired plates and the presence of an adipose fin membrane. ''Hemipsilichthys'' can be separated from ''Delturus'' by not having the anterior plates of the ridge contacting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otothyrinae
Otothyrinae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae.Chiachio, M.C., Oliveira, C. & Montoya-Burgos, J.I. (2008): Molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored Neotropical catfishes Hypoptopomatinae and Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 49 (2): 606-617.'' Alternatively it is treated as a tribe in Hypoptopomatinae The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species. It has been divided into .... References Ray-finned fish subfamilies {{Otothyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suckermouth
In fish, a suckermouth is a ventrally-oriented (inferior) mouth adapted for grazing on algae and small organisms that grow on submerged objects. All Loricariidae possess a suckermouth as do the cypriniform algae eaters of the genus '' Gyrinocheilus'' and other genera. The 'False Siamensis' (Epalzeorhynchus sp. or Garra taeniata) also has this feature. Three genera in Mochokidae, '' Atopochilus'', '' Chiloglanis'', and '' Euchilichthys'', also possess an oral sucker, formed by the lips and part of the barbels. The Loricariidae and members of the genus ''Gyrinocheilus'' are further adapted by having a special opening on the gill cover so that the fish can breathe without using its mouth. Additionally many other fish of the order Cypriniformes have developed a sucking ability to a lesser or greater extent: *The Hillstream loaches (family Balitoridae) have modified fins to attach themselves to a surface and a ventrally located mouth. *The sucker fish (family Catostomidae) also have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of the family Loricariidae of catfish (order Siluriformes). This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera '' Crossoloricaria'', '' Dasyloricaria'', '' Fonchiiichthys'', ''Rineloricaria'', '' Spatuloricaria'', '' Sturisoma'' and '' Sturisomatichthys'') in Panama and a single (''Fonchiiichthys'') in Costa Rica.Angulo; Garita-Alvarado; Bussing; and López (2013). Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Costa Rica: additions and nomenclatural revisions.'' Check List 9(5): 987–1019. Taxonomy Loricariinae was first described in 1831. Later, in 1979, many genera were described and Loricariinae was divided into four subfamilies: Loricariini, Harttiini, Farlowellini, and Acestridiini. Eventually, the genera of Acestridiini was included under Hypoptopomatinae and genera of Farlowellini was reclassified in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
