Panpulmonata is a taxonomic

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

snails A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gas ...

and

slugs Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a sma ...

in the clade

Heterobranchia Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different gill"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Het ...

within the clade

Euthyneura Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species exclusively from marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia. Euthyneura are characterised by several autapomorphies, bu ...

. Panpulmonata was established as a new

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

by Jörger et al. in October 2010. The older name " Pulmonata" referred to a group of

euthyneura Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species exclusively from marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia. Euthyneura are characterised by several autapomorphies, bu ...

n gastropods which were considered to be "air-breathers". In contrast, " Opistobranchia" grouped various, mostly marine euthyneuran lineages, often with reduced shell. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that none of these two groups was monophyletic. The former "Pulmonata" should also include several groups that lack an air-filled lung (

Acochlidiacea Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia. Acochlidia is a variant ...

Sacoglossa Sacoglossa are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia known as sacoglossans. There are 284 valid species recognized within this superorder. Sacoglossans live by ingestin ...

and Pyramidelloidea). The name "Pulmonata" also inaccurate when applied to some of the more traditional pulmonate taxa such as

Siphonarioidea Siphonarioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Panpulmonata. Distribution The Siphonarioidea are broadly distributed across the globe, however they are known to ...

or Hygrophila, most members of which lack permanently air-filled lungs as well. To emphasize the complete change in taxonomic concepts following from the molecular phylogenetic analyses but keep some continuity in the naming, Jörger et al. (2010) renamed the expanded "Pulmonata" as Panpulmonata The clade consists of following taxa: *

** Superfamily Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 *** Oxynoidae Stoliczka, 1868 ***

Cylindrobullidae ''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonom ...

Thiele, 1931 ***

Juliidae Juliidae, common name the bivalved gastropods, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Juliidae E. A. Smith, 1885 ...

E. A. Smith, 1885 *** Volvatellidae Pilsbry, 1895 ** Superfamily Plakobranchoidea Gray, 1840 ***

Plakobranchidae Plakobranchidae is a family (biology), family of sea slugs, marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plakobranchoidea. They superficially resemble nudibranchs but they are sacoglossans, members of the clade Sacog ...

Gray, 1840 *** Jenseneriidae Ortea & Moro, 2015 *** Limapontiidae Gray, 1847 *** Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 *** Costasiellidae K. B. Clark, 1984 ** Superfamily Platyhedyloidea Salvini-Plawen, 1973 ***

Platyhedylidae Platyhedylidae is a family of sacoglossan sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs ...

Salvini-Plawen, 1973 *

Pneumopulmonata Pneumopulmonata is a superorder of Heterobranchia, heterobranch Panpulmonata, pulmonate Gastropoda, gastropods belonging to the subterclass Tectipleura. It was defined based on results of Phylogenomics, phylogenomic studies and named by Krug et a ...

***

Siphonariidae Siphonariidae, also known as false limpets, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing sea snails, marine and brackish water pulmonate gastropod molluscs. __TOC__ Shell description Empty siphonariid limpet shells can be di ...

Gray, 1827 **

(Acochlidida) ***

Acochlidiidae Acochlidiidae are a taxonomic family of shell-less freshwater gastropods (one of them '' Palliohedyle weberi'' lives in brackish water),Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: ...

Küthe, 1935 ***

Aitengidae ''Aiteng'' is a genus comprising three species of sea slug, ''A. ater'' and ''A. mysticus'' being found in intertidal zones while ''A. marefugitus'' is fully terrestrial. ''Aiteng'' is the only genus in the family Aitengidae. The name of a biolog ...

Swennen & Buatip, 2009 *** Bathyhedylidae Neusser, Jörger, Lodde-Bensch, Strong & Schrödl, 2016 ***

Hedylopsidae Hedylopsis is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea. Taxonomy Hedylopsidae has been classified within the superfamily Hedylopsoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Sensu Schrödl & Neuss ...

Odhner, 1952 ***

Pseudunelidae ''Pseudunela'' is a genus of minute sea slugs, acochlidians, shell-less marine or temporary brackish or brackish gastropod mollusks in the clade Acochlidiacea. ''Pseudunela'' is the only genus in the family Pseudunelidae. ''Pseudunela'' is the ...

Rankin, 1979 ***

Tantulidae ''Tantulum elegans'' is a species of freshwater slug, an aquatic shell-less gastropod mollusk within the clade Acochlidiacea. This species has no shell. The maximum recorded length is 2 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea ...

Rankin, 1979 *** Parhedylidae Thiele, 1931 ***

Asperspinidae ''Asperspina'' is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea. Taxonomy Asperspinidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (201 ...

Rankin, 1979 **

Amphiboloidea Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails. Distribution Amphibolids are found in Indo-Pacific intertidal mangrove, saltmarsh and estuarine mudflat habitats. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy According to the taxonomy o ...

*** Amphibolidae Gray, 1840 *** Maningrididae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 *** Phallomedusidae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 ** Pyramidelloidea *** Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 *** Amathinidae Ponder, 1987 **

Glacidorboidea The Glacidorbidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of freshwater snails. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy Glacidorbidae is the only family in the superfamily Glacidorboidea. Glacidorboidea has been classified within the info ...

***

Glacidorbidae The Glacidorbidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of freshwater snails. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy Glacidorbidae is the only family in the superfamily Glacidorboidea. Glacidorboidea has been classified within the info ...

Ponder, 1986 ** Hygrophila *** Superfamily Chilinoidea Dall, 1870 **** Chilinidae Dall, 1870 **** Latiidae Hutton, 1882 *** Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 ****

Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, Aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila (cl ...

Rafinesque, 1815 ****

Acroloxidae Acroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, Aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical gastropod shell, shell in ...

Thiele, 1931 **** Bulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880 **** Burnupiidae Albrecht, 2017 **** Physidae Fitzinger, 1833 ****

Planorbidae Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family (biology), family of air-breathing freshwater snails, Aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod Mollusca, molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn sn ...

Rafinesque, 1815 **

Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing gastropod molluscs. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are intertidal or inhabit coastal saltmarshes and mangroves. Possible synapomorphy of the group are gl ...

*** Stylommatophora ***

Systellommatophora The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchia. T ...

*** Ellobiida Caucasotachea_atrolabiata

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference. {{Taxonbar, from=Q870378

See also

References