Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram and then by the hereditary rulers of

Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, Javanese: ; ), is a major List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in Central Java, Indonesia. The city adjoins Karanganyar Reg ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

. Additionally in

Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...

and

, so-called " Kings of kings" reigned with this title, while their kingdoms were called "Sunanates". The name Susuhunan is also used as a romantic nickname for loved ones, but also for highly respected public figures. Lovers or mistresses were also referred to with this nickname outside in private. The abbreviation Sunan is also used as a given name.

Names and titles

The full title of the Susuhunan of

in Javanese is: ''Sahandhap Sampeyandalem ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Paku Buwana Senapati ing Alaga Ngabdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama'' (" His Exalted Majesty, The Susuhunan Paku Buwana, Commander in the Field of Battle, Servant of the Most Gracious, the Regulator of Religion"). This long title is occasionally abbreviated in media with Latin texts as SSISKS, denoting Sahandhap Sampeyandalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan'', followed by the regnal name. The rulers of Surakarta traditionally adopt the

regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...

Pakubuwono (also spelled ''Pakubuwana'' ). Susuhunan is specific to the rulers of Surakarta; the

rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the inst ...

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...

, who are also descended from the Mataram

dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchy, monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. H ...

, have the title

Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Pakoe Boewono X Susuhunan van Solo met echtgenote en dochter in Soerakarta TMnr 60043309

The dates given are for the time ruling. *

Pakubuwono II Pakubuwono II (also transliterated Pakubuwana II) (1711–1749) was the ruler of Mataram. His correct title in Javanese etiquette standards contains honorific appellations, some of which each successive ruler inherits. The move of his court fro ...

, 1727–1749 (Kartasura and Surakarta) *

Pakubuwono III Pakubuwono III (also transliterated Pakubuwana III) (1732–1788) was the third Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). Also known as ''Sinuhun Paliyan Negari ''He was proclaimed by the Dutch as ruler of Mataram in 1749, but when the state was divided in ...

, 1749–1788 *

Pakubuwono IV Pakubuwono IV (also transliterated Pakubuwana IV) (31 August 1768 – 1 October 1820) was the fourth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, ...

, 1788–1820 *

Pakubuwono V Pakubuwono V (also transliterated Pakubuwana V) (13 December 1784 – 5 September 1823) was the fifth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script ...

, 1820–1823 *

Pakubuwono VI Pakubuwono VI (26 April 1807, in Surakarta, Central Java – 2 June 1849, in Ambon, Maluku, Ambon, Moluccas) (also transliterated Pakubuwana VI) was the sixth Susuhunan (ruler) of Surakarta Sunanate, Surakarta from 1823 to 1830 when he was deposed ...

, 1823–1830 *

Pakubuwono VII Pakubuwono VII (also transliterated Pakubuwana VII) (28 July 1796 – 10 May 1858) was the seventh Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, J ...

, 1830–1858 *

Pakubuwono VIII Pakubuwono VIII (the other name's Bandara Radin Mas Kuseini)(also transliterated Pakubuwana VIII) (born 20 April 1789 – ruled 1858 until 28 December 1861) was the eighth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese ...

, 1859–1861 *

Pakubuwono IX Pakubuwono IX (also transliterated Pakubuwana IX) was the ninth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, Javanese: ; ), is a major List of regenc ...

, 1861–1893 *

Pakubuwono X Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated PB X; Surakarta, 29 November 1866 – Surakarta, 22 February 1939) was, despite his regnal name, the ninth Susuhunan (Monarch) of Surakarta. He reigned from the 1893 to ...

, 1893–1939 *

Pakubuwono XI Pakubuwono XI (also transliterated as Pakubuwana XI; 1 February 1886 – 1 June 1945) was the eleventh Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) during the Second World War – and during the Japanese occupation of Java. In his capacity as the eleventh Su ...

, 1939–1945 *

Pakubuwono XII Pakubuwono XII (also transliterated Pakubuwana XII; Surakarta, 14 April 1925 – Surakarta, 11 June 2004) was the twelfth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) and the longest ruling of all monarchs in Surakarta history. He reigned under Japanese occ ...

, 1945–2004 *

Pakubuwono XIII Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII (Javanese script: ꦯꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦯꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦑꦁꦗꦼꦁꦯꦸꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦦꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤ XIII; born in Surakarta, 28 June 1948) has been the Monarc ...

, 2004–present Note: For Pakubuwono XIII - from 2004 to 2012, there were two rival claimants to the throne, Hangabehi and Tedjowulan, both are sons of late Pakubuwono XII.In a Sultanate Known as Solo, One Too Many Kings
''NY Times'' (17 Feb 2008). Mydans, Seth.

References

* Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) ''Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java'' (First published: ''By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII''. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore Susuhunan of Surakarta Indonesian names Indonesian families Noble titles of Indonesia {{Indonesia-stub

Names and titles

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

See also

References