
A paddle is a handheld
tool
A tool is an Physical object, object that can extend an individual's ability to modify features of the surrounding environment or help them accomplish a particular task. Although many Tool use by animals, animals use simple tools, only human bei ...
with an elongated
handle and a flat, widened end (the ''blade'') used as a
lever to apply
force
In physics, a force is an influence that can cause an Physical object, object to change its velocity unless counterbalanced by other forces. In mechanics, force makes ideas like 'pushing' or 'pulling' mathematically precise. Because the Magnitu ...
onto the bladed end. It most commonly describes a completely handheld tool used to propel a
human-powered watercraft by pushing water in a direction opposite to the direction of travel (i.e.
paddling). A paddle is different from an
oar (which can be similar in shape and perform the same function via
rowing) – an oar is attached to the watercraft via a fulcrum.
The term "paddle" can also be used to describe objects of similar shapes or functions:
*A rotating set of paddle boards known as a
paddle wheel
A paddle is a handheld tool with an elongated handle and a flat, widened end (the ''blade'') used as a lever to apply force onto the bladed end. It most commonly describes a completely handheld tool used to propel a human-powered watercraft by p ...
is used to propel a
steamboat or
paddle steamer.
*In a number of
racquet sports (e.g.
ping-pong and
paddle ball), a "paddle" or "bat" is a short, solid
racket used to strike a
ball.
*A
mixing paddle is a device used to stir or mix separate ingredients within a mixture.
*A
spanking paddle is used in
corporal punishment, typically to
forcefully hit someone (e.g. a
juvenile) on the buttocks.
Canoe and kayak paddles
Materials and designs

Paddles commonly used in
canoes consist of a
wooden,
fibreglass,
carbon fibre, or
metal
A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electrical resistivity and conductivity, electricity and thermal conductivity, heat relatively well. These properties are all associated wit ...
rod (the ''shaft'') with a handle on one end and a rigid sheet (the ''blade'') on the other end. Paddles for use in
kayaks are longer, with a blade on each end; they are handled from the middle of the shaft.
Kayak paddles having blades in the same
plane (when viewed down the shaft) are called "un-feathered." Paddles with blades in different planes are called "feathered". Feathered paddles are measured by the degree of feather, such as 30, 45, or even 90 degrees. Many modern paddles are made of two pieces which can be snapped together in either feathered or unfeathered settings. The shaft is normally straight but in some cases a 'crank' is added with the aim of making the paddle more comfortable and reducing strain on the wrist. Because the kayak paddle is not supported by the boat, paddles made of lighter materials are desired; it is not uncommon for a kayak paddle to be two pounds ( ) or less and very expensive paddles can be as light as . Weight savings are more desirable at the ends of the paddle rather than in the middle.
Cheaper kayak paddles have an aluminium shaft while more expensive ones use a lighter
fibreglass or
carbon fibre shaft. Some paddles have a smaller diameter shaft for people with smaller hands. Paddle length varies with a longer paddle being better suited for stronger people, taller people, and people using the paddle in a wider kayak. Some paddle makers have an online paddle size calculator. Blades vary in size and shape. A blade with a larger surface area may be desirable for a strong person with good shoulder joints, but tiring for a weaker person or a person with less than perfect shoulder joints.

Because normal paddling involves alternately dipping and raising the paddle blades, the colour of the blades may affect the visibility of the kayaker to powerboats operators under limited visibility conditions. For this reason white or yellow blades may offer a safety advantage over black or blue blades. Of course, kayakers should wear a headlamp or have other lighting on their kayak under conditions of limited lighting. However, if a powerboat operator must look straight into a sun low in the sky to see a kayaker, the motion of brightly coloured paddle blades may be of more value than lighting on the kayak. Highly reflective water resistant tape (e.g.
SOLAS tape) may be affixed to the paddle blades and boat to enhance visibility.
Use
The paddle is held with two hands, some distance apart from each other. For normal use, it is drawn through the water from front (
bow) to back (
stern) to drive the boat forwards. The two blades of a kayak paddle are dipped alternately on either side of the kayak. A paddle is distinguished from an
oar in that the paddle is held in the user's hands and completely supported by the paddler, whereas an oar is primarily supported by the boat, through the use of
oarlocks. Gloves may be worn to prevent blistering for long periods of paddling.
Other types
On mechanical
paddle steamers, the motorized paddling is not done with a mass of paddles or oars but by rotating one or a few paddle wheels (rather the inverse of a
water mill).
Racing paddles also have special designs. They are generally less flat and are curved to catch more water, which enable racing paddlers to maximize the efficiency of their stroke. Wing bladed paddles are very popular in kayak racing. A wing paddle looks like a spoon and acts like a wing or sail, generating lift on the convex side, which pulls the paddle forward-outward at the expense of overcoming drag. This gives additional forward thrust as compared with a flat paddle with forward thrust mainly from drag.
[Johnson Claes, Hoffman Johan. How a Wing Paddle Works: The secret of lift and drag of a wing paddle nternet Version 1. The World As Computation. 2009 Feb 24. Available from: https://claesjohnsonmathscience.wordpress.com/article/how-a-wing-paddle-works-yvfu3xg7d7wt-33/.] Bent shaft paddles, popular with tripping and marathon canoers, have a blade that is angled from the shaft, usually 12 to 15 degrees.
Wioslo-10.jpg, A set of wing paddles
See also
*
Canoe paddle strokes
*
Mixing paddle
*
Oar
*
Spanking paddle
References
External links
Paddling History
{{Authority control
Canoeing and kayaking equipment
Marine propulsion
Fishing equipment