PC Pak Search Sudhan Operation was a Pakistani military operation of the 1950 and 1955 Sudhan uprising. It was the first major operation of the

Pakistan Army The Pakistan Army (, ), commonly known as the Pak Army (), is the Land warfare, land service branch and the largest component of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The president of Pakistan is the Commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the army. The ...

inside Pakistan and was conducted against

Sudhan Sudhan (also known as Sudhozai Pathan or Saddozai Pathan) are a tribe of the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir, with their population primarily concentrated in the districts of Poonch and Sudhanoti, and smaller communities in the neighboring ...

tribal insurgents in the Sudhan-majority Sudhanoti, Poonch,

Bagh Bagh (, meaning "garden") may refer to: Places Bangladesh * Bagh Prachanda Khan, a village in Beanibazar, Sylhet district * Lal Bagh, a neighbourhood in Dhaka * Mali Bagh, a neighbourhood in Dhaka * Rajar Bagh, a neighbourhood in Dhaka * ...

, and

Kotli District Kotli District () is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertia ...

s of

Azad Kashmir Azad Jammu and Kashmir (), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir ( ), is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee: * * * and constituting the western portion of the larger ...

Background

A UN-backed ceasefire was signed by India and Pakistan on 1 January 1949, marking the end of the Indo-Pakistani war.

Sardar Ibrahim Khan Sardar Ibrahim Khan (, ər'da:r ɪbra:'ɦi:m xa:n 22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was a revolutionary leader and politician from the western region of Jammu and Kashmir (present-day Azad Kashmir), who led the 1947 Poonch Rebellion against th ...

, the president of the newly established Azad Kashmir, was not a signatory to the ceasefire and disagreements grew between Ibrahim Khan and the government of Pakistan over the future of Kashmir. These tensions culminated in the Pakistan government suspending Ibrahim Khan from the presidency of Azad Kashmir on 21 May 1950. As a response to his ousting, Ibrahim Khan started the democracy movement, which eventually turned into an armed rebellion, paralyzing the Azad Kashmir government. After eliminating all police posts from Azad Kashmir and occupying 80% of its territory, Ibrahim Khan declared his rebel government in Rawalkot in the Poonch District.

The operation

The PC Pak Sudhan operation was conducted by the 12th division of the Pakistan army. The operation was a direct response to the rebellion orchestrated by Ibrahim Khan, who was continuing to advance on other areas of Azad Kashmir.

Negotiations

Negotiations were held between Sardar Ibrahim and the Government of Pakistan on 4 April 1952, after which ten Saduzai groups, under Ibrahim Khan's command, surrendered to the government of Pakistan while

and Sidhnuti districts refused Ibrahim Khan's decision to negotiate. However, after Pakistani forces gained control and occupied the Bagh and Sidhnuti districts, Sardar Abdul Aziz Khan, who had established his rebel government in the Bagh district, negotiated with the government of Pakistan on 2 January 1955 and surrendered. The Sadhuzai chieftains of the hilly areas of the Sidhnuti district neither surrendered nor agreed to any negotiations until the Baral Agreement of 1956.

Baral Agreement

The last rebel leader of the 1950s, Ghazi Sher Dil Khan, along with 2,000 Saduzai rebels, signed an agreement surrendering to the government of Pakistan and the independent government of the state of Jammu and Kashmir on 20 September 1956 in the Baral valley. This agreement was effectuated by the president of Azad Kashmir, Sardar Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan.

References

{{Reflist Military operations of the Kashmir conflict 20th century in Azad Kashmir Counterterrorism in Pakistan 1950 in Pakistan 1951 in Pakistan 1952 in Pakistan 1953 in Pakistan 1954 in Pakistan 1955 in Pakistan Conflicts in 1950 Conflicts in 1951 Conflicts in 1952 Conflicts in 1953 Conflicts in 1954 Conflicts in 1955

Background

The operation

Negotiations

Baral Agreement

See also

References