The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to organic gardening and farming:

Organic farming Organic farming, also known as organic agriculture or ecological farming or biological farming,Labelling, article 30 o''Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2024 on organic production and labelling of ...

– alternative agricultural system that relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as

compost Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by Decomposition, decomposing plant and food waste, recycling organic materials, and man ...

manure Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nut ...

green manure In agriculture, a green manure is a crop specifically cultivated to be incorporated into the soil while still green. Typically, the green manure's Biomass (ecology), biomass is incorporated with a plow or disk, as is often done with (brown) man ...

, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as

crop rotation Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. This practice reduces the reliance of crops on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, along with the pro ...

and

companion planting Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including Weed control, weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial ins ...

. Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards, in general, are intended to enable the use of naturally occurring compounds while restricting or strongly limiting the use of manufactured substances.

Organic farming and gardening systems and approaches

* Biodynamic farming * Biodynamic gardening * Climate-friendly gardening * Forest gardening * History of organic farming * Korean natural farming *

* Organic gardening ( Organic horticulture) * Organic lawn management * Permaculture * Square foot gardening * Synergistic gardening *

System of Rice Intensification The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a farming methodology that aims to increase the yield of rice while using fewer resources and reducing environmental impacts. The method was developed by a France, French Jesuit Priest, Father Henri de L ...

Vegan organic gardening Vegan organic (or veganic) agriculture is the organic production of food and other crops with minimal animal inputs. Vegan organic agriculture is the organic form of animal-free agriculture. Animal-free farming methods use no animal products ...

* Wildlife gardening

Principles of organic gardening and farming

* Principles of Organic Agriculture *# ''The Principle of Health'' – "Organic agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal and human as one and indivisible." *# ''The Principle of Ecology'' – "Organic agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them." *# ''The Principle of Fairness'' – "Organic agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities." *# ''The Principle of Care'' – "Organic agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well being of current and future generations and the environment."

The ornamental organic garden

* List of flowers * Organic lawn management

Organic gardening and farming techniques

* Aquaponics *

Companion planting Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including Weed control, weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial ins ...

:* List of companion plants *

Compost Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by Decomposition, decomposing plant and food waste, recycling organic materials, and man ...

* Biofertilizer *

Intercropping Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, a form of polyculture. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land ...

* Managed intensive rotational grazing * Multiple cropping * No dig gardening *

Pollination management Pollination management is the horticultural practices that accomplish or enhance pollination of a crop, to improve yield or quality, by understanding of the particular crop's pollination needs, and by knowledgeable management of pollenizers, p ...

* Sheet mulching * Square foot gardening * Succession planting *

Sustainable agriculture Sustainable agriculture is agriculture, farming in sustainability, sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an ...

* Weed control techniques (see also 'weeds' below) :* Stale seed bed *

Xeriscaping Xeriscaping is the process of Garden design, landscaping, or gardening, that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation. It is promoted in regions that do not have accessible, plentiful, or reliable supplies of fresh water and has gained acce ...

(water wise gardening) :* Greywater irrigation * Neglected crops * Underutilized crops

History of organic gardening and farming

History of organic farming

Pests and diseases

Integrated pest management Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) integrates both chemical and non-chemical practices for economic control of pests. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization defines IPM as "the careful consideratio ...

* Biological pest control * Physiological plant disorders (i.e., plant disorders caused by environmental factors, such as weather conditions, nutrient deficiencies, etc.) :''Nutrient deficiencies'' ::* Boron deficiency ::* Calcium deficiency ::* Iron deficiency ::* Magnesium deficiency ::* Manganese deficiency ::* Nitrogen deficiency ::* Phosphorus deficiency ::* Potassium deficiency *

Plant pathology Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease ...

(i.e., plant diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria, etc.) :* Honey fungus :*

Rust (fungus) Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are ...

:* Specific replant disease

Weeds

* Indicator plants * Dynamic accumulator

Organic publications

Organic organizations

* Organic Crop Improvement Association * Good Gardeners Association (UK) * Garden Organic, formerly the Henry Doubleday Research Association (main organisation promoting organic gardening in the UK) * International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) * Permaculture Association (Britain) * Rodale Institute * Soil Association (UK) * Certified Naturally Grown * Vegan Organic Network * World-Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) * Carolina Farm Stewardship Association For North and South Carolina, of the US, the leading organic farming advocacy and certification institution. * Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Association * Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association (IOFGA) Organic certification and promotion body in Ireland. * Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association (MOFGA)

Some important figures in organic farming and gardening

* Lady Eve Balfour * Louis Bromfield * Peter Caddy * Alan Chadwick *

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

* Jim Cochran * Eliot Coleman * Dr Shewell Cooper * Bob Flowerdew * Masanobu Fukuoka * Howard Garrett * Geoff Hamilton * Robert Hart * Emilia Hazelip * Lawrence D Hills * David Holmgren * Sir Albert Howard * Dan Jason * Bill Mollison * Helen and Scott Nearing *

Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama ( Robinson; born January 17, 1964) is an American attorney and author who served as the first lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017, being married to Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United Stat ...

* Airi Ōtsu, Japanese organic farmer * Prince Philip * J. I. Rodale * Viktor Schauberger * Ruth Stout

References

External links

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