Org-mode

Org Mode (also: ''org-mode''; ) is a mode for document editing, formatting, and organizing within the free software text editor GNU Emacs and its derivatives, designed for notes, planning, and authoring. The name is used to encompass plain text files ("org files") that include simple marks to indicate levels of a hierarchy (such as the outline of an essay, a topic list with subtopics, nested computer code, etc.), and an editor with functions that can read the markup and manipulate hierarchy elements (expand/hide elements, move blocks of elements, check off to-do list items, etc.).

Org Mode was created by Carsten Dominik in 2003, originally to organize his own life and work, and since the first release numerous other users and developers have contributed to this free software package. Emacs has included Org Mode as a major mode by default since 2006. Bastien Guerry is the maintainer since 2010, in cooperation with an active development community. Since its success in Emacs, some other systems now provide functions to work with org files.

Almost orthogonally, Org Mode has functionalities aimed at executing code in various external languages; these functionalities form org-babel.

System

The Org Mode home page explains that "at its core, Org Mode is a simple outliner for note-taking and list management". The Org system author Carsten Dominik explains that "Org Mode does outlining, note-taking, hyperlinks, spreadsheets, TODO lists, project planning, GTD, HTML and LaTeX authoring, all with plain text files in Emacs."

The Org system is based on plain text files with a simple markup, which makes the files very portable. The Linux Information Project explains that "Plain text is supported by nearly every application program on every operating system".

The system includes a lightweight markup language for plain text files (similar in function to Markdown, reStructuredText, Textile, etc., with a different implementation), allowing lines or sections of plain text to be hierarchically divided, tagged, linked, and so on.

Functionality

This section gives some sample uses for the hierarchical display and editing of plain text.
* To-do lists often have subtasks, and so lend themselves to a hierarchical system. Org Mode facilitates this by allowing items to be subdivided into simple steps (nested to-dos and/or checklists), and given tags and properties such as priorities and deadlines. An agenda for the items to be done this week or day can then be automatically generated from date tags.
* Plain text outlines.

* Org files as interconnected pages of a personal wiki, using the markup for links.
* Tracking bugs in a project, by storing .org files in a distributed revision control system such as Git.
* Extensive linking features, within the same file, to other files, to web pages, to emails, and also allows defining custom links.

An org-mode document can also be exported to various formats (including HTML, LaTeX, OpenDocument or plain text), these formats being used to render the structural outline in an appropriate fashion (including cross-references if needed). It can also use formatting markup (including LaTeX for mathematics), with facilities similar to those present in Markdown or LaTeX, thus offering an alternative to these tools.

Org-babel

Org Mode offers the ability to insert source code in the document being edited, which is automatically exported and/or executed when exporting the document; the result(s) produced by this code can be automatically fetched back in the resulting output.

This source code can be structured as reusable snippets, inserted in the source document at the place needed for logical exposition thus allowing this exposition to be independent of the structure needed by the compiler/interpreter.

Together with the markup facilities of org-mode, these two functionalities allow for
* Literate programming, by decoupling the exposition of the functions of a program from its code structure, and
* Reproducible research, by the creation of a consistent document consolidating exposition, original data, analyses, discussion and conclusion, in a way that can be reproduced by any reader using the same software tools.

As of June 2021, org-babel directly supports more than 70 programming languages or programmable facilities, more than 20 other tools being usable via contributed packages or drivers.

Integration

Org Mode has some features to export to other formats, and other systems have some features to handle org-mode formats. Further, a full-featured text editor may have functions to handle wikis, personal contacts, email, calendars, and so on; because org-mode is simply plain text, these features could be integrated into org-mode documents as well.

From org-mode, add-on packages export to other markup format such as MediaWiki (org-export-generic, org-export), to flashcard learning systems implementing SuperMemo's algorithms (org-drill, org-learn).

Outside of org-mode editors, org markup is supported by the GitLab, GitHub and Gitea code repositories, the JIRA issue tracker, Pandoc and others.

Export examples

Org supports exporting to a variety of formats. Below you may find examples of Org fragments exported to a number of formats.
Other formats are supported by dedicated packages.

See also

* Lightweight markup language
* Comparison of notetaking software
* Comparison of document markup languages
* List of personal information managers
* Outliner

References

Further reading

Books

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Journal articles

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External links

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Distributed bug tracking systems
Emacs modes
Free note-taking software
Free personal information managers
Free spreadsheet software
Free task management software
Lightweight markup languages
Outliners